Ring Vaccination Research Paper

It's killed more than prostate cancer and breast cancer fatality rates together. Smallpox was the first disease to be eliminated from the world through public-health efforts and vaccination. Smallpox still poses a threat because existing laboratory strains may be used as biological weapons. Approximately one-third of people with smallpox died from the disease. Survivors were scarred for life. If the eye was infected, blindness often resulted.There are new experimental medications that might be effective in smallpox, but these have not been tested in human cases since the disease has been eradicated.The smallpox vaccine contains a live virus called vaccinia. It is administered by dipping a pronged piece of metal into the vaccine and then pricking the skin.

Despite smallpox’s long history of harm, killing nearly 300 million people in the twentieth century alone, it is now considered eradicated thanks to a vaccine and vaccination program lead by the World Health Organization. Because of its eradication,

William Tyndale was born in 1494 in Gloucestershire, England. His family moved to Gloucestershire in the 15th century. He started to get an education at the Magdalen Hall. He studied theology after he got his Bachelor Degree and Master Degree. They moved to Gloucestershire most likely because of the War of Roses. His family came from Northumberland. Tyndale has two separate family trees. His brother Sir William Tyndale was knighted when the Prince of Wales and Catherine of Aragon got married.

Herd immunity is essential in a community where people are unable to be vaccinated. The greater the quantity of people that are immune to a disease, the lower the chance of someone who is vulnerable contracting said disease. Whooping cough is an excellent example of a vaccine that strongly relies on herd immunity. With whooping cough, babies are particularly at risk of infection, therefore it is essential that immediate family members such as the; mother, father and grandparents are all immunised before coming into contact with the

Smallpox is a viral disease that causes pus-filled boils on the dermis. It looks similar to chickenpox, but has certain characteristic differences. Unlike chickenpox, smallpox is lethal in 30% of the cases and leaves the victim with disfiguring scars and/or blindness. Smallpox has now been eradicated through aggressive vaccination. The last case was reported in Somalia in the late 1970’s. After 2 years of worldwide surveillance, the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed that the disease had been eradicated.

For thousands of years, diseases have taken the lives of millions of people, wiping out towns and spreading across countries. Disease like the measles, mumps, whooping cough, chicken pox and hepatitis are just a few of the diseases that can be prevented through the use of vaccinations. Though vaccines do not make the bacteria that caused the disease to go away, it helps control the outbreaks within societies, keeping children from getting sick and preventing death. Without the prevention from vaccines, the bacteria from those diseases will start to flourish resulting in the outbreaks within communities. Herd immunity is when the majority of a community is immunized against a contagious disease; most members of the community are protected against that disease because there is little opportunity for an outbreak.

Known as ‘herd immunity’ or ‘community immunity,’ there lies an indirect protection of unvaccinated people when a large group of people is vaccinated against a certain disease. Therefore, if children are vaccinated against a disease, they are also protecting their family and friends. Additionally, according to Vaccines.gov, if enough people are vaccinated against a disease, about 80% of a population or less, the entire community has a lesser chance of getting the disease (Page 3). In other words, when a large age group of people, children, are vaccinated and therefore immune to disease, everyone else is protected as well indirectly. Furthermore, as well as unintentionally protecting peers who chose to be unvaccinated, children who are vaccinated are also protecting the subset of people that do not have the option to become vaccinated. There lies a small subset of people who cannot be vaccinated due to a variety of reasons including undergoing chemotherapy, or having severe allergies, HIV/AIDS, or even Type One Diabetes. The protection of these people is herd immunity (Epidemics: Opposing Viewpoints page 117). Concluding, by immunizing all youth, the compromised also become better protected as a whole. Also, one example of the representation in the introduction of of herd immunity is the pneumococcal vaccine. After the introduction of the

The history of smallpox goes back for thousands of years. It is thought to have appeared as much as 10,000 years ago and since then, it has claimed the lives of millions of people, many of whom have been famous figures in history. After a vaccine was discovered in 1796, countries throughout the world began the fight to eradicate the disease. This fight was won in 1980 as a result of the international effort headed by the World Health Organization. Today, smallpox is no longer a threat in nature but the virus is still stored in labs, from which a biological weapon could be made.

The world’s last naturally acquired case of smallpox occurred in Somalia, in 1977. In 1980 smallpox became the world’s first eradicated disease. The main component that led to smallpox’s eradication was the development of an effective vaccine; Edward Jenner developed the world’s first vaccine. Smallpox is no longer a threat due to three reasons: 1) there is an effective vaccine 2) its a lytic virus 3) there is no animal reservoir. This paper will discuss a variety of factors that played a role in eliminating smallpox: 1) is easier to contain as a zoonosis 2) is a crowd disease (spreads at a slower rate through human contact with larger populations) 3) as a lytic virus, it has an incubation period

Similarly, vaccinations have nearly eliminated the threat of Polio from the entire planet. In 1988, there were an estimated 350,000 cases world-wide. However with a global vaccination program, by 2013 there were just 416 recorded cases (World Health Organization, 2014). Other vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, cholera, tuberculosis, and typhoid have turned what used to be common maladies across the world into exotic and rare diseases that are nearly unheard of amongst First World nations.

The earliest case of smallpox according to a journal published in the US National Library of Medicine titled, “Edward Jenner and the History of Smallpox and Vaccination” was recorded as early as 1122 BC. (Riedel “Smallpox the Origin of a Disease”). Mankind’s triumph over this horrible disease was initiated by an English doctor named Edward Jenner. Through observations and experimentation, Jenner would create a procedure now known as vaccination. (Riedel “Edward Jenner”). During the next two centuries, vaccinations would be used worldwide to stop the spread of small pox. After the successful worldwide vaccination campaign led by the World Health Organization, small pox was eradicated worldwide in 1980. As a result of the eradication of smallpox according

Before Edward Jenner’s smallpox vaccination, the idea of inoculate had been a long standing idea (“Schlager”). In Eastern countries there was inoculation against smallpox by taking matter

Herd immunity’ refers to the resistance of a group attacked by a disease because of the immunity of a large proportion of the members and the consequent lessening of the likelihood of an infected individual coming into contact with a susceptible individual 9. Herd immunity is achieved by mass immunization against communicable diseases 10. However, not all vaccines are equally effective in providing herd immunity. For instance, though mumps vaccine has been available for several decades, mumps continues to be highly prevalent in several regions of the world, likely due to waning immunity over time and inadequate immunization coverage.

Although it is necessary everyone receives vaccines to become immune to diseases; a population can protect unvaccinated people. That is if 98% of the population in an area is vaccinated. The percentage of people that are up to date on their vaccinations is known as herd immunity. Health professionals prefer herd immunity be at least 98%; if the percentage decreases the population cannot protect the

Literature is representative of the time in which it is produced. Literature can reflect societal views, attitudes, and fears.Vampire literature, in particular, often represents the fears of a society.In the Victorian Era, a time of intense sexual repression, it was common for vampire stories to reflect the fear of sexuality that was rampant in society.