Rippling Muscle Disease Research Paper

5. What is the prevalence and prognosis of this condition? Is it an inheritable (genetic) condition/disease? (1 point)

The results in Figure 2. show that increasing the stimulus strength (V) from 0 to o.40V will result in an increase of Active Muscle force generated by the gastrocnemius muscle in the Buffo Marinus, confirming the hypothesis. The force generated plateaus when the stimulus is beyond o.40V.

     Recent studies show that this syndrome may be associated with changing craniofacial and skeletal muscle metabolism, such as blood flow, which causes the chronic fatigue and severe weakness. Another hypothesis is that an infectious trauma to the body, such as a virus, triggers the illness. However, with this syndrome being new, no specific virus has been identified. There is though a plot study that shows that there is possible inherited tendency toward the disease. This disease/syndrome has increased

Myotonic mucular dytrophy- develops slowly and can be caused through genetics. It is the most typical form of muscular dystrophy found in adults beginning to become afflicted. Muscles within the face and neck are the first to contract it. Myotonic MD is associated with difficulty with muscle relaxation following contractions. Commonly known by its nickname "Steinert's Disease".

You can have many muscle injuries, so we are going to be diving into some of the main muscle injuries.

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a genetic disorder caused by incorrect or missing genetic information that leads to the gradual weakening of the muscle cells. Various causes lead to weak and deteriorating muscles depending on the type of muscular dystrophy the patient was affected by. However, there are many causes for muscular dystrophy due to the fact that there are thirty forms of muscular dystrophy, which are categorized under several categories. All are ultimately caused by autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, sex-linked, and random mutations in very rare cases.

This is an up dated review of the disease, manifestations, and potential treatment options available.

have been trying to find the exact cause of this disease and how it can be treated so

Muscular dystrophy is not a disease; it’s a term for a genetic mutation. “The disease, mostly affecting males, is transmitted as a sex-linked recessive trait” (Taber’s Cylopedic Medical Dictionary, 2013 pg. 736). There are 9 different types of muscular dystrophy. The two most common types of muscular dystrophy are Duchenne and Becker. “MD is a progressive degeneration of skeletal muscles from an as yet unknown biochemical defect within the muscle” (Sommers, 2011 pg. 691).

but medicine and therapy can help to slow the disease down from progressing and lower the pain of symptoms(Frey 742;Alan;Jacoby 1142). Medicine such as Interferon betas and immunosuppressives are used to slow the progression down(Alan;HDC 1133-1134). Corticosteroids are taken to help reduce the inflammation during active phases(Frey 742;Alan; Jacoby 1142; HDC 1133-1134). Spasticity can be treated with Muscle relaxants(Frey 742; Alan; HDC 1133-1134). In this case Botox injections can help reduce some symptoms( Alan; MSHC).Therapies can also be another huge factor to decrease the progression. Therapies include speech therapy, occupational therapy ,and massage therapy(Frey;741-742;Alan).There are tons of other medications and therapies

The main treatments are medications, therapy, and surgery. Some medications used to treat Myasthenia Gravis are anticholinesterase agents such as neostigmine and pyridostigmine. These medications help improve neuromuscular transmission and to increase muscle strength. Victims may also take Immunosuppressive drugs, such as prednisone, azathioprine, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and tacrolimus. These medications also help improve muscle strength. The medications work by suppressing the production of abnormal antibodies. When taking these medications you must be carefully monitored by a physician. An important therapy used to treat the disease would be plasmapheresis, this procedure is when a specialist removes blood that is infected with abnormal antibodies. Therapies may be used especially during difficult periods of weakness. Lastly surgery is an option, one of the surgery procedures is thymectomy, this is the surgical removal of the thymus gland. This is often abnormal in some cases. With the surgery it reduces symptoms in some cases without thymoma and may cure people by rebalancing the immune system. Typically thymectomy is recommended for individuals with thymoma. Thymoma is an uncommon tumor in the thymus. A Neurologist will determine which treatment option is best for a patient, it all depends on the severity of the weakness, which muscles are affected, the age of the patient, and any other associated medical

Muscular Dystrophy (or MD) is a general term representing more than 30 inherited diseases and subcategories that affect the skeletal, and in some cases involuntary, muscle regions (Hegde, 2012). The gene is recessively X-linked, meaning that females are carriers of the mutation even if they do not have the disease, and males will either have it or not. The X-linked characteristic of MD is the reason why most types are seen more abundantly in males. MD can lead to the symptoms seen in the 1800s; inability to walk or function properly, substantial weakness, and potentially death. The reason behind differencing types of MD is because no one case is the same; they are categorized based of the areas of the body that are affected, the ages that symptoms become present, and the level of intensity of the disease. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is present only in boys, from birth; however, symptoms do not usually show until the ages of 3-5. Another widely existing disease is

According to Medical News Today, muscular dystrophy is a disorder that is characterized by the progressive loss of muscle mass and consequent loss of strength(Newman). There are specific causes that effect the body, and thus creates certain symptoms that are noticeable initially, and symptoms that occur later on in the process. I will be discussing the causes, symptoms-both initial and later, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. In order for one to be classified as having muscular dystrophy, there are certain causes that are very unique to this disorder. First off, though let me say that there are different types of muscular dystrophy, which are: Myotonic, Duchenne, Becker, Limb-girdle, Facioscapulohumeral, Congenital, Oculopharyngeal, Distal,

Since MG has subtypes the pathology of this disorder needs to be analyzed by the autoantibody profile and the condition of the thymus (Meriggioli and Sanders, 2009). Pathologic antibodies target certain areas of the postsynaptic site of the skeletal muscle. In addition hyperplasia of the thymus or thymic tumors are vary influential in the disease process (Meriggioli and Sanders, 2012). Abnormalities of the thymus can lead to the development of the autoantibodies that target AChR, which ultimately triggers muscle weakness (Meriggioli and Sanders, 2012). .

All of the symptoms of Muscular Dystrophy are found in males but women can carry the gene but most women aren't affected by it. There are also different types of Muscular Dystrophy such as Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy (Steinert's disease) which causes the inability to relax muscles, this is the most commonly found type of Muscular Dystrophy in adults. Congenital Muscular Dystrophy is found in children under the age of 2 which can cause severe disability. Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy is muscle weakness in the face and shoulders onset normally starts in the teenage years up till your forties. Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy affects the muscle in your hip and shoulders and people who have this type of Muscular Dystrophy have a hard time lifting the front part of there foot causing them to fall frequently most commonly found in teens and children. Muscular Dystrophy is diagnosed by different types of tests including muscle biopsy when they take and test a small amount of muscle tissue, DNA testing, nerve conduction tests where they use electrodes to test muscle and nerve reaction.