Risk Factors For Hepatocellular Carcinoma

This case study is about Abdul Chidiac, a 51 year old male, married with 4 children. He had a medical history of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and cirrhosis with two admissions in the last six months. He is a smoker and drinks beer, 5-6 bottles per day. As Carithers & McClain (2010) explained the patient’s medical history is another indicator of the risk for cirrhosis; the progression to cirrhosis is adaptable and may take time over weeks or many years. Cirrhosis is a liver disease characterized by permanent scarring of the

In time the virus can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer and liver failure. Symptoms of HCV are jaundice (yellowing of the eyes), stomach pain, nausea and fatigue. The main problem is that many people don’t have symptoms until they already have some sort of liver damage. Treatment options for HCV include a combination of medications or depending on the degree of damage, a liver transplant. Given that HCV it is a blood disease that is spread through contact with an infected person’s blood, there are many ways to contract this disease. Injection drug users, physical altercations, sexual contact and mother to infant infection are just some of the ways this disease is spread.

HCV is related to the liver; and it was interesting to hear that the consumption of alcohol can greatly damage the liver. Yet, despite how educated or prestige and individual may be, they still drink. During a conversation I had with my physician, he told me, “I had PhD colleagues who had drinking problems.” It amazed me that even with the full awareness that drinking diminishes the liver’s health, people persist in doing

Cancer is the development of faulty cells and is caused by mutations in the DNA of the cell which make it defective. Normal cells have methods to prevent cancer cells from forming, such as tumor suppressor genes but sometimes cancer can bypass these methods and grow out of control, forming tumors. If the cancer cells come into contact with the lymphatic system or circulatory system, it can travel to other parts of the body through them and cause cancer in those areas of the body too. Once the cancer has spread throughout the body it leads to death within a few years as the cancer takes over the healthy cells. Mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes can cause liver cancer, which can be slowed down with treatments

Mr. Henderson is a very pleasant 71-year-old gentleman with hepatitis C who presents to oncology clinic for evaluation and treatment of locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. In 10/2016, the patient underwent a screening ultrasound due to having hepatitis C. The ultrasound revealed a right liver mass. In 11/2016, he subsequently, underwent a CT scan which revealed a 5.1 cm x 4.2 cm left liver mass and a 6 mm right middle lobe density. In 12/2016, the patient underwent a CT-guided biopsy of the liver mass which revealed a moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. In 02/2017, the patient underwent an MRI of the abdomen which revealed a 5.2 x 5.4 cm left hepatic lobe mass. The main portal vein is widely patent. There was no

Liver cancer is an abnormal growth of cells (tumor) in the liver that is cancerous (malignant). The liver is located on the upper right side of the abdomen, just below the ribs. It is the largest organ in the body. The liver:

The liver is a large organ of our body which is located beneath the right lung. It helps in the digestion of food and store the extra energy for future use. It also helps fights the infection and cleans your blood. Liver also has an amazing regenerative capacity after injury. All these activities ultimately provide a healthy life to us. Any alterations in the liver function will put our life in danger.1 Inflammation is the first sign of liver damage. During inflammation, the liver get enlarged and stiff. This is a sign that liver is trying the heal the damage. However, unlike inflammation of other organs of the body, it is hard to feel any change or pain when the liver

Hepatitis C is an infection of the liver caused by the virus called Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). Hepatitis C can be acute and chronic, it is an asymptomatic disease, but a chronic infection can be life threatening and cause serious health complications in the future and eventually death. Many are unaware of this infection; the life threatening health risk involves liver damage, end- stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma and even death. It 's been estimated that in the United States 2.7 million people are infected with chronic HCV, whereas the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates 3.2 million (Ditah, 2010). The infected population are primarily in their fifties and sixties, born between 1945 and 1965. One attributable cause is believed to be the transmission of the contaminated blood through organ transplants and drug injections. It is expected that compensated cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) will increase by over 80 percent from the year 2000 to the year 2020. Over the same period, it is estimated that decompensated cirrhosis would increase over 100 percent and that liver-related deaths would increase by 181 percent (Davis GL, Albright JE, 2003).

They all damage the liver because they force it to overwork when trying to filter the blood and remove all the toxins. So once the liver exceeds its limit, it begins to deteriorate and stop functioning properly. Additionally, research have shown that these substances can have a part in causing liver cancer. There are two forms of liver cancer: hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma (which is actually cancer of the bile duct). Hepatocellular carcinoma is the more prevalent form of both and is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US. Signs of liver cancer include the feeling of pain or a lump in the right side of the body right under the ribcage. Jaundice is another clear symptom of liver problems. Jaundice is the yellowing of the skin and eyes, accompanied by a dark colored urine. It is caused by the liver’s inability to filter blood, so the toxins pile up and can be observed in the skin or

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the liver,and one of the leading causes of death in patients with cirrhosis.Spontaneous rupture is a fatal complication of Hepatocellular carcinoma that occurs in 3-15 percent of cases , and is associated with worse short and long term prognosis.In this case report we are presenting a case of a 64 year-old female with a history of

Hepatitis C prevalence is higher in some countries in Africa and Asia. The report published by the Egyptian Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) stated that, in Egypt, there is an overall Anti-HCV antibody prevalence of 14.7% (estimated to be about 12 million individuals) and the number of Egyptians estimated to be chronically infected was 9.8% (about 8 million individuals )[8]. Hepatitis C virus represents the second most common blood-borne illness in the world, affecting up to 2% of the world’s population [9]. Data suggest that HCV infection should be regarded as a systemic infection with multi-organ involvement [10].

Hepatitis C is an infectious liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus, or HCV. The virus is transmitted through bodily fluids and it has been estimated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration that between 170 and 200 million people are infected worldwide, and 3 to 5 million people are infected in the U.S., the epidemic is far more widespread in Africa and central Asia. The disease kills approximately 350,000 people a year worldwide and 15,000 people a year in the U.S. The disease can be asymptomatic, cause acute inflammation of the liver, or become chronic hepatitis C and lead to more serious conditions like liver cancer or cirrhosis. Treatments in the past have not always been effective and have sometimes caused serious side effects, but this is changing. Recently new drugs have been developed which can effectively cure all genotypes of HCV. (World Health Organization)

Cirrhosis, the development of scar tissue in the liver, can often result in liver cancer. Additionally, some environmental factors, such as exposure to particular chemicals or eating food contaminated with aflatoxin, a toxin produced by mold on nuts and grains, may raise the risk of cancer. Excessive alcohol and tobacco usage is associated with developing cirrhosis and liver cancer as well. Obesity and diabetes are also risk factors in developing liver cancer. A person can lower their risk of liver cancer by avoiding and treating hepatitis infections, limiting their alcohol and tobacco use and avoiding obesity. Moreover, a person should control their exposure to cancer causing chemicals and make healthy food choices. A person should also treat any inherited liver diseases that could increase their risk of cancer.

About 3.2 million Americans are infected with the Hepatitis C virus (“HCV,”, n.d., para. 1). Sequelae of chronic HCV infection include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Chronic hepatitis C infection is also the leading cause of liver transplantation in the United

Hepatocellular carcinoma usually appears accompanied with an underlying liver disease. As a result, it is challenging to treat. Furthermore, the liver function impairment must be constantly monitored before, during and after the course of treatment. To achieve efficient monitoring a multidisciplinary team should be involved in the care of HCC patients. The main concern now is that the outcome with current treatment modalities is poor. The median survival of patients with intermediate stage HCC managed with TACE is 20 months[1][2], while the median survival of advanced stage HCC with the use of sorafenib is 11 months.[3] Patients with advanced liver disease who are not