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Risk Management

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What is Risk?
A. Uncertainty Concept—risk traditionally has been defined as uncertainty
B. Objective Risk
1. Defined as the relative variation of actual loss from expected loss
2. Declines as the number of exposure units increases
3. Is measurable by using the standard deviation or coefficient of variation
C. Subjective Risk
1. Defined as uncertainty based on one’s mental condition or state of mind
2. Difficult to measure
II. Chance of Loss
A. Objective Probability
1. A priori—by logical deduction such as in games of chance
2. Empirically—by induction, through analysis of data
2 Rejda • Principles of Risk Management and Insurance, Tenth Edition
B. Subjective Probability—a personal estimate of the chance of loss. It need not …show more content…

Many insurance authors traditionally have defined risk in terms of uncertainty. We define risk as uncertainty concerning the occurrence of a loss.
(b) Objective risk is the relative variation of actual loss from expected loss. As the number of exposure units under observation increases, objective risk declines. Subjective risk is uncertainty based on one’s mental condition or state of mind. Accordingly, objective risk is measurable and statistical; subjective risk is personal and not easily measured.
4 Rejda • Principles of Risk Management and Insurance, Tenth Edition
2. (a) Chance of loss can be defined as the probability that an event will occur.
(b) Objective probability refers to the long-run relative frequency of an event based on the assumption of an infinite number of observations and no change in the underlying conditions.
Subjective probability is the individual’s personal estimate of the chance of loss.
3. (a) Peril is the cause of loss. Hazard is a condition that creates or increases the chance of loss.
(b) Physical hazard is a physical condition that increases the chance of loss. Moral hazard is dishonesty or character defects in an individual that increase the chance of loss. Morale hazard is carelessness or indifference to a loss because of the presence of insurance. Legal hazard refers to characteristics of the legal system or regulatory environment that increase the frequency or severity of losses.
4. (a)

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