Risk factors are centered around parents and caregivers, who is a child’s first form off insight on

Chapter four focuses on the effect of legalised abortion on the crime rate. The Roe v. Wade case is brought up to

The starting point of violence takes place in communities and at home--not at school. Youth take what they hear and see at home and in their communities to school. The environment in some communities and households are positive and the presences of protective factors outweigh the high risk factors. However, there are communities and households where there is a lack of informal social control and high risk factors exist more than protective factors--, which affect youth in a negative manner.

In the article Bored, Broke and Armed: clues to chicago’s Gang Violence by John Elgion who is , discusses the how the lack of education can turn children into gang violence.  He observes, Conditions were ripped for

There are many people who believe pregnancies are a miracle and a blessing, but too often women become victims of sexual assault, which at times result in unwanted pregnancies (Stewart 1). Despite the fact many women choose to go through with their pregnancies, other women turn to abortions as a solution to leave the traumatic experience in the past. However, not all women who choose to terminate their pregnancies are victims of sexual assault, as many young couples become pregnant and choose this path because they feel they are too young

This neighborhood factor drives children to seek companionship amongst others on the already violent streets and causes them to follow suit. The final factor that may result in violence stems from the individual. For instance, children raised in a bleak and violent environment may develop low self-worth and feel little power over their future. Unable to break the cycle, they become a direct reflection of what they experience in their community and contribute to the ongoing violence.

Gang activity and gang violence have been a major issue in the urban community for over half a century, dominated by mostly minority youth. This essay will review the question: Does growing up as a minority with a dysfunctional family setting aide or contribute to joining a gang, therefore continuing the cycle of gang violence and activity? In order to dive deeper into this subject, several references from the internet and Always Running by Luis J. Rodriguez will be stated and discussed. After the discussion of the web articles and passages from the book a solution will be suggested to help the misguided youth of America to make better life decisions than just throwing their lives away as expendable tools of urban guerilla warfare.

Could it be that the government’s intervention by legalizing abortion in the Roe v. Wade decision lead to the dramatic reduction in crime? Did the government inadvertently save my life by preventing the birth of criminals? This paper will first explore the generally

One of the main reasons behind the drop in crime rates was the legalization of birth control laws. When children are born without a mother, a caring family, and a decent place to live in, their chances of becoming a criminal increase due to the lack of love and care during their early childhood years. Levitt and Dubner stated that “Legalized abortion led to less unwantedness; unwantedness leads to high crimes; legalized abortion, therefore, led to less crime” (Levitt, 139). In order to test this theory to prove whether or not legalizing abortion would decrease the crime rates, some states had to act as early-legalizing states that supported the legalization of abortion. “Between 1988 and 1994, violent crime in the early-legalizing states fell 13 percent compared to the other states; between 1994 and 1997, their murder rates fell 23 percent more than those of other states” (Levitt, 140). Once the few early-legalizing states took action and legalized abortion laws, the crime rates began to plummet. From my perspective, because of Levitt and Dubner’s extensive use of facts and statistics to support the reasoning behind the disappearance of criminals, they were able to

Part A of this paper explains the three most important sociological points Randol Contreras make in The Stickup Kids. One of the sociological points is social forces impelling low-income youth towards drug market violence that produce delinquent and self-destructive individuals. The second sociological point is the inner city violence that is almost unavoidable for the individuals growing up in such environments. The third sociological point is economic destitution that leads people to commit crimes in order to make ends meet. The author of “The Stickup Kids: Race, Drugs, Violence, and the American Dream” Dr. Randol Contreras was born and raised in the South Bronx. Contreras grew up in the Bronx during the infamous “Crack Era” when the Bronx

When it comes to sensitive topics, there are few that draw on people’s emotions as much as abortion. Why it this so? It is the nature of the topic. Abortion is a topic in which people’s views are just as diverse as the population itself. Most people avoid writing about such topics altogether, especially when they are in support of such an act. However when economist Steven D. Levitt and writer Stephen J Dubner wrote chapter 4 of “Freakonomics” titled “Where have all the Criminals Gone?” they did just that. The chapter details historical examples of bans on abortion, possible reasons for the sharp decline in crime in the US, and a strong final argument for why abortion is the reason the crime rate dropped so suddenly. The emotionally

42) leading to Milio creating a theoretical framework to assess the health of the population. This student will utilize Milio’s conceptual framework to evaluate the health of the people of Wayne County to find solutions to the issue at hand. Identified risk factors that can be precipitating causes for violence in youth are exposure to violence on programs they watch, bullying in school, domestic violence and gang violence. When children see or live with violence in the home or school and the community, it becomes part of their everyday norms. Other causes of violence in the population is mental illness, drugs, poverty, and homelessness. Low-income families are more prone to physical violence within the neighborhoods and from the home where the middle-class families are more prone to face violence domestically or drug related. The community of Wayne County has limited resources available in areas like Detroit for after school programs, latchkey programs, and the ability of low-income families to afford daycare thus single parents and dual-income families have to rely on other family members and older children to watch younger siblings. According to Milio peoples, behaviors will change if alternative options are readily available and easily accessible the issue in Wayne County is that the availability of programs is there but accessing them is difficult and time-consuming to individuals. Social change is needed and time and money are being allocated to programs that bring community watch groups together, placing more lights on the streets of Detroit, creating a report with the police, increasing the number of officers patrolling the streets and increasing avenues to report the

There are four top social risk factors believed for the involvement of crime. Parental behavior plays a large role in a child’s risk of involvement of crime because of the parent’s influence on a child’s development (“Social Risk Factors for Involvement of Crime”). Poor parenting in supervision, maltreatment of a child, or if the parent is a

The term youth gangs refers to a group of three or more members, who are between the age of 12 and 24; they share an identity through the use of names or symbols; they see themselves as gang and are recognized by others as a gang; there is some amount of permanence and degree of organization; and the group is involved in an elevated amount of criminal activity (National Gang Center Staff, n.d.). Risk factors for gang involvement are based on factors such as individual, family, school, community. School risk factors include poor school performance, poor connectedness to schools, low degree of commitment to and involvement in school, and weak attachment to teachers (Howell, 2010). Community risk factors includes such things as greater level of criminal activity, neighborhood youth are involved in illegal behaviors, widespread access to and the use of firearms and drugs, and low level of neighborhood attachment (Howell, 2010). Additional factors that lead to gang involvement include learning disabilities and emotional disorders, school failure and truancy, no positive involvement outside of school, friends and peers are delinquent, low income, and early involvement in petty crimes and behavioral disorders in grade school (Hernandez, 2015). Reasons given for joining a gang as reported by youths includes for protection, for fun, for respect, for money, family members are part of the gang (and because a friend was in the gang (Howell, 2010).

Just because a woman acted foolishly and carelessly does not mean that an innocent third party, the child, should have to accept the punishment for their mother’s actions. Another alarming statistic is that twenty-two percent of all pregnancies in the United States end in abortion (U.S. Abortion Statistics). Many of these abortions occur from people who live below the poverty level and cannot afford proper birth control. While abortion has been decreasing among most groups of categories that are determined by characteristics such as age, race, and financial income; abortions among poor people have been on the rise. In 2008, poor women were responsible for forty-two percent of all abortions that took place in the United States. Likewise, the abortion rate of poor women escalated by eight-teen percent from 2000-2008 (Wind). This problem can be solved by providing more heath care clinics through the country for those individuals who cannot afford birth control. With more available heath care clinics, the amount of abortions that occur will be diminished significantly and wrongful killing of unborn children will come to an end.

Rape is one of the most prominent possibilities as to why a woman would choose to terminate her pregnancy. Though it is a tough decision to make, it is possible to be faced with keeping the child or ending the life of the fetus. In some cases, women make the choice to end their pregnancy knowing how they might treat their child. The women is most likely to hate her rapist and may worry if they move forward with the pregnancy, they would project this hate onto the child because it reminds them of such a painful memory.According to Rachel Perry, “One percent of women in a cross-sectional study of women's reasons for choosing abortion reported that their pregnancy had resulted from rape” (67-73). In addition to the pregnancy, the health consequences of rape can include physical injury, sexually transmitted disease, and mental health problems, including post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse.