Risperidone And Tramadol Case Study

Physiological Changes Due to Risperdal Hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, psychosis and thought disorder are all symptoms of Schizophrenia and people who suffer from these symptoms seek the treatment of atypical anti-psychotic medications. Those medicines include Risperidone (Risperdal), Clozapine (Clozaril) , Ziprasidone (Geodon) and Quetiapine(Seroquel). The purpose of these medications is to alleviate symptoms of Schizophrenia and lessen the chances of a recurrence. The basic function of Atypical Antipsychotics is to reduce the effects of blockage in the dopamine receptors and serotonin and allow communication between nerve cells. Dopamine is thought to be relevant in Schizophrenic symptoms and

Haloperidol is a butyrophenone derivative with antipsychotic properties that has been considered especially compelling in the administration of hyperactivity, agitation, and mania. Haloperidol is a compelling neuroleptic furthermore has antiemetic properties; it has a marked tendency to provoke extrapyramidal impacts and has relatively weak alpha-adrenolytic properties. It might likewise show hypothermic and anorexiant impacts and potentiate the activity of barbiturates, general soporifics, and different CNS depressant medications.

Many factors have contributed to the sentinel event, specifically the current conscious sedation policy. The improvement plan would include revising the conscious sedation policy to ensure the patient is properly monitored post procedure and to intervene when issues arise. The sedated patient should be monitored one on one post procedure by an RN, who is educated on the conscious sedation protocol, for thirty minutes or until the patient reaches his baseline. Also, mandatory monitoring will include EKG, pulse oximetry, blood pressure, heart rate, respirations and level of consciousness. A list of appropriate medications and the dosages should be included in the conscious sedation policy. In addition, reversal agents should be readily

This Anaesthetic case study would describes and discussed the scenario of a patient through the anaesthetic role of their surgical procedure. It will include and discuss the anaesthetic safety procedures equipment and drug interventions used to ensure this particular patients maximum safety and comfort before and during the procedure. The case study will include pre and peri-operative assessment in order to describe the involvement contribution of various specialties in the holistic care of the critical care patient. This assignment will focus only on the anaesthetics side of the procedure but will also highlight the importance of the triad of anaesthesia and discuss the administration, maintenance and reversal of

In this experiment, we used atropine sulfate 0.05 mg/kg (Atropine, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharmaceutical), midazolam 0.1 mg/kg (Dolmicam, Astellas Pharma Inc.) and butorphanol 0.1 mg/kg (Bettlefare, Meiji Seika Pharma) as premedicated intravenously administration. Ampicillin sodium 20 mg/kg (Vicillin, Meiji Seika Pharma) was administered intravenously at induction. General anesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol 6 mg/kg (Animal propofol, Mylan Pharmaceutical).

Tramadol, (1RS,2RS)-2-[(dimethylamino)-methyl]-1-(3- methoxyphenyl)-cyclohexanol is a synthetic, centrally acting analgesic used both parenterally and orally for the treatment of moderate to severe pain[1-3].It has dual mechanism of action; weak agonistic effect at the μ-opioid receptor, as well as inhibition of monoamine(serotonin, norepinephrine) re-uptake[4]. In healthy volunteers, oral tramadol 100mg provided superior analgesia compared with placebo. The peak analgesic effect occurred 1 to 4 hours after drug administration, with analgesia persisting for 3 to 6 hours[5].

For day care surgical procedures, to minimize the time spent in recovery room, an induction agent with a rapid recovery and minimal residual sedation is required. Propofol is commonly used for day care surgical procedures because of its rapid onset and offset action with minimal residual sedation. An imidazole derivative, etomidate shares beneficial features of rapid onset and recovery profiles. Additionally etomidate also associated with high degree of haemodynamic stability.7 Although etomidate suppresses adrenocortical functions, a single injection used for induction of anaesthesia will only produces a transient and clinically insignificant interference with adrenocortical functions.8-11 In the present study, we have evaluated and compared

A general anaesthetic always involves hypnotic agent, usually an analgesic and may also include muscle relaxation. This combination is referred to as “triad of anaesthesia”. The relative importance of each component depends on surgical and patient factors: the intervention planned, site, surgical access requirement and the degree of pain or stimulation anticipated. The technique is tailored to the individual

In all, when compared to other GABAa agonist such as thiopental, methohexital, and etomidate, propofol has shown to decrease the occurrence of major side effects involved with general anesthesia in use today. This, along with its perfusion proficiency and high positive outcome rate are why propofol is in continued use, even after over 30 years of medical advancement, and bad press due to recreational propofol abuse, leading to the deaths of those without the proper training needed to administer such a

It was determined that boys are more likely to come down with autism four to five more times than girls are, because there is no cure for Autism, researchers are constantly trying to find ways, and medications, to help the children and families can cope with the negative effects of this disorder. The effects of the popular drug Risperidone given to children with autism is covered in the article "Cognitive Effects of Risperidone in Children with Autism and Irritable Behavior." This drug is tested on children who have autism and irritable behaviors such as disruptive behavior disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. An individual who has a variety of complex brain development disorders is diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

There is one unique issue with Ketamine that all veterinarians must be aware of and need to take into consideration: substance abuse. The illicit use of Ketamine by humans as a recreational drug is a concern to a veterinarian for a couple of reasons. The dissociate effects of Ketamine that have been attributed to the “R” form, results in a general feeling “floating” or “out of body” experiences in human patients during anesthesia recovery (Schottenfeld,

Propofol was originally available in 1986 and has been used as an anesthesia, for “short sedation in endoscopies and cardioversions, and for long-term sedations in intensive care units and also used for rapid opiate detoxification”(Bonnet, 2012). Propofol is used, unapproved by the FDA, as pain reliever for severe chronic headaches and as a sleep aid for insomnia.

Tricyclic antidepressants can be very helpful for dogs that experience bouts of severe anxiety when their owners leave the home. Also, dogs that develop nervous habits or compulsive behaviors may benefit from the use of one of the several selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors currently formulated for pets. In situations where the dog seems to have lost some degree of mental acuity, monoamine oxidase inhibitors may help to restore at least a portion of the animal's alertness, making life a little more enjoyable for both pet and

In the pre-op I shadowed Hope, she has a very alert, attentive, focus and organized. Hope verified all the information she had received from Roxie, and went through again with the patient. Hope explained to the patient about drugs being administered before he will be wheeled into the operating room. Various drugs reduce vagal –induced bradycardia, inhibit oral and gastric secretions, and decreased the amount of anesthetic needed for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia (Ignatavicius & Workman, p 234). Before Hope administer all the ordered medications to the patient, the anesthesiologist came in and talked to patient, went through all the information about the past medical history, allergies, and if he had any reaction to any anesthetic agents that they use. The anesthesiologist also had a form explaining to the patient how the doctor preferred the patient to be anesthetized during the procedure which is general anesthesia commonly used in this kind of procedure. After all the anesthesia information was explain to the patient, the patient signed the form. Hope also waited for the surgeon to come and see the patient while the patient still awake before Hope can administer all the preoperative drugs and verify the operating room team that their patient is ready. When all of these are said and done Hope administer all the medications and

Sedative medication contributes to the challenges of delivering physical therapy in the ICU especially its effect on patient cognition. One of my responsibility is to communicate with the nursing staff and find out the level of the patient sedation using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS). If the patient's RASS score is -3 moderate sedation, -4 deep sedation and -5 unarousable then the patient is not appropriate for physical therapy. The physician has to lessen the sedation to at least -2 light sedation, -1 drowsy and 0 alert and calm for the client to have an active and meaningful physical therapy participation.