Rnao Bpg Model

pain is the usual cause for persons to look for treatment. Inadequate pain management can cause delay in healing process. It can also leads to prolonged hospital stay. The acute pain management theory describe how nurse can manage pain with minimal effects from the pharmacological interventions and use of alternative methods of pain management (Good &Moore, 1996) The main factors are in the management of pain are Pharmacological, non-pharmacological, patient participation, education and different interventions. Effective pain management involves the application of non-pharmacological interventions and usage of pain medications. (McEwen & Willis, 2014). The pain management theory deals with management of pain in daily basis. It offers the knowledge about alternate methods in pain

Research has shown that there are several organizations and active advocates who are working on pain management problems to face this public health issue. The following establishments involve: The American Academy of Pain Medicine, Institute of Medicine, and American Pain Society and many for-profit and nonprofit organizations are also working at different level towards pain management. Most specifically, the IOM has been devoted to studying pain and its consequences on individuals, the healthcare system, as well as on government (IOM, 2011).

The selected policy Essence of Care 2010: Benchmarks for the Prevention and Management of Pain, includes the latest benchmarks on the management of pain and its prevention. It presents up to date reviewed views, with the aim to deliver

Assessing pain is a very important first step. Having the correct assessment techniques and tools is very important to diagnosing and treating the pain. Acute pain is typically a symptom of something else, so correct assessment will lead the care provider to the underlying issue, D’Amico and Barbarito (2016) identify many tools used for the assessment of pain, discussed later in the paper. Treatment of acute pain should be handled differently than other types of pain due to acute pain being a short-term process of healing. The

It is a challenge to manage pain in older adults. The course of action, effect and

Because severe pain is more difficult to control, Mrs R may become anxious and fatigued, and may also withdraw again from the regimen if there is no success in achieving pain relief; therefore, the preventive approach needs to be considered. (Wells, 2014). For an effective pain control pain, Mrs R should also keep a daily record of her pain. Writing a diary can help empower the patient in her own care, give her confidence and increase self-efficacy (Bastable, 2014). Also, a strategy of pain management is to combine opiods with non-narcotics, such as Tylenol, in order to enhance pain relief and to slowly decrease the use of narcotics overtime (Lewis, 2014). Mrs R was explained to always follow the right dosage of medication to optimize the narcotic results. A complete assessment of pain should be performed: PQRST. Pain is a subjective concept and the patient must describe the pain in order to provide an effective care plan (Jarvis, 2013). Responses to pain medication should be documented to facilitate communication between health care providers, therefore to maximise effective pain management strategies (Lewis, 2014). The use of non-pharmacological therapy for pain is also recommended to Mrs R because it helps reduce the dose of an analgesic/opiod required to control pain and helps to minimize analgesic side effects, and also promote the release of endorphins which inhibit pain signals (NCBI, 2010). Mrs R is encouraged to use distraction such as watching TV, listening to the radio/music, which redirect the attention on something and away of the pain. Imagery can also be proposed to divert the focus away from the pain by stimulating the client’s imagination to develop sensory images. Relaxation strategies can also be used to help Mrs R to be free of her anxiety and stress, and to reduce muscle tension (Lewis,

A basic concept of holistic medicine is that the patient’s physical, emotional, and spiritual belief will affect their overall health. The mind, body, and spirit must be viewed as one. The patient’s cultural beliefs and preferences must be included in their plan of care as well. According to Jasemi, Zamanzadeh, Valizadeh, Keogh, and Taleghani (2015), “holistic care increases self-awareness and self-confidence in patients and causes nurses to better understand the effects of an illness on a person's entire life and their true needs” (p.214). As a new provider, it is important to understand that holistic care may result in various outcomes. Some patients will not have a full recovery from an illness or disease. The philosophy of holistic care is utilized at all stages of life. The final stage is a perfect example. Every patient deserves to die with peace and dignity, and they deserve to live as independently as possible until that day. The use of massage therapy, acupuncture, chiropractic care, and naturopathy will be seen when utilizing holistic care. As a new APRN, it is important to educate the patient on the importance of diet, exercise, psychotherapy, and spiritual counseling. When caring for patients in a holistic manner, you must incorporate all aspects of their life in order to optimize their

The first nursing diagnosis to address with the client is the chronic pain related to his posterior back as evident by his level of pain over the course of several months. The client has been complaining of pain upon initial assessment on 10/17/17. According to the client’s MAR he was diagnosed with nonspecific pain and was prescribed hydrocodone-acetaminophen PRN to help alleviate pain. In order to avoid under treating the client’s pain, the goal of the nursing interventions is to improve his quality of life by managing and treating his pain more effectively. Vital signs collected on 11/29/17 revealed that he had a pain level of 7 on a scale of 0 to 10. Over the next week the objective is

Chronic Pain is an interesting problem in society today. The exact cause of Chronic Pain is not the same in every patient. In fact most patients present with different symptoms and associated pathologies, such as the strong link with depression. Treatment of Chronic Pain is often performed a single practitioner whether that be a Medical Doctor, Chiropractor, Nutritionist, or an alternative health care professional. Chronic Pain is often extremely complex, because of this treatment needs to be multidimensional. Effective care of Chronic Pain requires the collective cooperation of health care professionals

Research was made because management of chronic pain is inadecuate in general. The point of-view of this research was that life expectancy has increased and so have chronic illnesses and chronic pain. Elder people's quality of life is harmed by chronic pain. The purpose of this research was to explore pain relief interventions used by old people with chronic pain. There were also explored non-prescription measures´s frequency and perceived effectiveness. Research questions were: What kind of interventions are used to relief older peoples chronic pain in Hong Kong and how were they working. Before this study there were studies about how common chronic pain is like and how does it effect to old people's life and how analgesic medications were ordered.

Pain scores are documented in writing, making them readily available to all the health care professionals. There were many suggested assessment tools found in the literature and

In recent years, chronic pain in the elderly (>65 years of age) is a significant problem.

Pain management also involves the use of prescribed analgesics. Older people experience of pain varies with some because of increased tolerance to some medications as well as interactions of analgesics to medications taken for chronic conditions. Considering the fact, it highlights the need for all older patients to have their pain assessed and managed on an individual basis. (McClean et al,

The International Association for the Study of Pain defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” (1979). Pain is actually the culprit behind warranting a visit to a physician office for many people (Besson, 1999). Notoriously unpleasant, pain could also pose a threat as both a psychological and economic burden (Phillips, 2006). Sometimes pain does happen without any damage of tissue or any likely diseased state. The reasons for such pain are poorly understood and the term used to describe such type of pain is “psychogenic pain”. Also, the loss of productivity and daily activity due to pain is also significant. Pain engulfs a trillion dollars of GDP for lost work time and disability payments (Melnikova, 2010). Untreated pain not only impacts a person suffering from pain but also impacts their whole family. A person’s quality of life is negatively impacted by pain and it diminishes their ability to concentrate, work, exercise, socialize, perform daily routines, and sleep. All of these negative impacts ultimately lead to much more severe behavioral effects such as depression, aggression, mood alterations, isolation, and loss of self-esteem, which pose a great threat to human society.

Pain is a basic mechanism in life that helps the body identify that something is wrong or dangerous. Without pain, the body would be severely damaged without realizing it. Pain can become an inconvenience when it spirals out of control; chronic pain, for example, leaves many miserable and unable to enjoy life to its fullest extent even with traditional medical intervention. Around 80% of people report chronic pain in their lifetime (Holtzman & Beggs, 2013). People afflicted by chronic back pain turn to modern medicine for relief, but even these alternatives are not always 100% effective.