ROBOT ETHICS AND ETHICAL ISSUES
ABSTRACT
Robot ethics is a branch of applied ethics which endeavours to isolate and analyse ethical issues arising in connection with present and prospective uses of robots. These issues span human autonomy protection and promotion, moral responsibility and liability, privacy, fair access to technological resources, social and cultural discrimination, in addition to the ethical dimensions of personhood.
INTRODUCTION
Robots are machines endowed with sensing, information processing, and motor abilities. Information processing in robotic systems takes notably the form of perception, reasoning, planning, and learning, in addition to feedback signal processing and control. The coordinated exercise of these
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In its most basic sense, we define “robot” as an engineered machine that senses, thinks, and acts: “Thus a robot must have sensors, processing ability that emulates some aspects of cognition, and actuators. Sensors are needed to obtain information from the environment. Reactive behaviours (like the stretch reflex in humans) do not require any deep cognitive ability, but on-board intelligence is necessary if the robot is to perform significant tasks autonomously, and actuation is needed to enable the robot to exert forces upon the environment. Generally, these forces will result in motion of the entire robot or one of its elements (such as an arm, a leg, or a wheel)”.
WHERE ARE THE ROBOTS USED?
Labour and services: Nearly half of the world’s 7-million-plus service robots are Roomba vacuum cleaners, but others exist that mow lawns, wash floors, iron clothes, move objects from room to room, and other chores around the home. Robots have been employed in manufacturing for decades, particularly in auto factories, but they are also used in warehouses, movie sets, electronics manufacturing, food production, printing, fabrication, and many other industries.
Military and security: Grabbing headlines are war robots with fierce names such as Predator, Reaper, Big Dog, Crusher, Harpy, BEAR, Global Hawk, Dragon Runner, and more. They perform a range of duties, such as spying or surveillance
Despite all they have done for the world, robots have a very unique and extensive history of villainization. There will be many opportunities for them in the future to either make or break society. Popular theories of a robot war are often favorites, but a lot of the possible realities involve a much more passive takeover. Overall, robots are an important aspect to be educated about in this changing world. Simply understanding the implications of artificial intelligence can completely change its impact. Robots will be a part of the future, whether for the good of humans, or to their
The author's purpose of this essay is contemplating whether or not laws should be made protecting robots. Throughout the essay he uses evidence from scientists who have dones tests, and it shows how people act.
As we began this assignment, we naturally began thinking of all of the possibilities of actions and tasks we could make the robot preform. There were so many possibilities we didnt know where to start. We quickly came to the understanding that, as we did not know basic concepts of how the robot pieces would function, we build the basic design that came with it, and proceeded to amend our robot and our programming as we experimented with different programming inputs. This is why we have two main questions in our concept map, one for ourselves for the project at hand, and one for applications after. We distinguished “How can we use robots to complete simple tasks” and “ how do we design a robot,” because we are separating the design process from its actual use. The way in which we started this project also took us down a rather broad path to encourage further expansion of innovation in regards to both design and usage. We hoped that by creating a template robot, it would lead it open to greater possibilities to enhance the diversified thinking of learners.
This article begins by outlining the tragic death of an artificial intelligence robot, named Steve. Steve’s accidental death, by stairs, raises a lot of new questions surrounding robots, and their rights. In his article, Leetaru, discusses the range of questions that have sparked from not only Steve’s death, but the rise of advanced robot mechanics. While the Silicon Valley is busy grinding out new plans and models of robots, especially security robots, how can we establish what a mechanical robot is entitled to? Leetaru offers many different scenarios concerning robots against aggressors, in hopes to reveal that these rights be outlined with the rise in usage of this technology. The article speculates how in the future, when these robots
Another very important field robots play in is the military. Today, more than ever, soldiers’ lives are being spared because of the robotic soldiers that are stepping in and doing the dangerous jobs that could mean life or death. The Army, Marines, Navy, and the Air Force are all moving towards robotic
Noel Sharkey has warned us that “the widespread availability of service robots has resulted from several developments that allowed robots to become mobile, interactive machines” (Sharkey 358). Robots have become a necessity for people today rather than just for science fiction or manufacturing processes, but lately we wonder whether or not if it’s safe to put our faith in the hands of cold machinery. Today, robots have been known to provide care for our children and the perhaps even the elderly. They even provide service to our men in combat. However, it doesn’t change the fact that there are those who feel
“Transcendance looks at the implications of artificial intelligence--but are we taking AI seriously enough?” (Hawking, The Independent.) Robotics, specifically artificial intelligence, has greatly benefited humanity by alleviating workloads, by enhancing and improving surgery, by expanding knowledge of our universe through unmanned spaceflight, and by improving the everyday life of citizens in both flourishing and impoverished nations. For example, the recent Antares rocket malfunction (10/28/14) was catastrophic financially, but thankfully, it was a non-crewed mission, in which only the technology was destroyed. The benefits noted, scientific advocates would argue, highly outweigh the negatives of robotics, which can be detrimental to life. Militarization of robotics makes the
An American futurist Thomas Frey, made a prediction that robots will have taken over two billion jobs worldwide by 2030. (Gillis, p.480) In “The Robot Invasion” by Charlie Gillis, the topic of the article is how robots are becoming more apparent in people’s everyday lives. The author is skeptical about the robots that scientists have been creating to become more like people. As well as, informative of the newest products roboticists have been making, which has been to create robots to do small tasks and have human characteristics. (Gillis, C. p.477-481)
Service robots - Robots that don’t fall into other types by usage. These could be different data gathering robots, robots made to show off technologies, robots used for research, etc.
He gives examples of robotic breakthroughs like Baxter the first ever humanoid robot made for industrial use, or the Roomba an autonomous vacuum cleaner to prompt thaose robotics are getting advanced and already being integrated into society. The author also cited information from American futurist Thomas Frey saying that” almost 2 billion jobs worldwide would fall to robots” (Gillis, 2012, p.480) to make others think about the upcoming future, he wanted people to be as open minded as
After watching the movie I, Robot, I find that many ethical issues come about from the technology shown in the movie. The movie takes place in 2035 and is about robots that are programmed with Three Laws: First Law-A robot must never harm a human being or, through inaction, allow any harm to come to a human; Second Law-A robot must obey the orders given to them by human beings, except where such orders violate the First Law; Third Law- A robot must protect its own existence unless this violates the First or Second Laws. Humans use these robots to do common tasks for them. Some of the ethical questions arisen from this movie include do robots have the ability to make emotional or ethical decision, are they entitled to the same rights as
The industrial robots are applied in all branches of the industry. The highest level of application is in the automobile industry, but the number of installed robots is increasing in other industries as well (Karabegovic, Dolecec, Husak, 2011).
Imagine if you would not need to help Mom and Dad, carrying stuff for them or cleaning up after them! You can have a robot help you with your daily activities such as cleaning your room, washing your car, and even wiping for you once you are done using the bathroom. A robot is a machine designed to complete or carry out multiple tasks when programmed to do so. Robots play a huge role in discovery, such as Mars Curiosity Rover, that is used to observe Mar’s surface and environment. We have used Robots to study the moons surface to see what it is like and to learn more about space. We use robots today in military by using them to disarm bombs and find enemy locations. Robots will have a positive impact on our future, because robots will help us to discover more in the ocean and space, help us save lives, and aid in the military.
Introduction: For years robotic technology has depicted fictional humanoid robots in movies and television, consequently peaking our imagination of artificial life forms. No longer are humanoid robots fiction, but reality as roboticists have been developing them not only with an appearance based on a human body but with humanlike sensory and movements. Moreover, humanoid robots are performing human tasks from industrial to service jobs and can survive in any kind of environment. The advancement of robotic research involves the fields of science, cognitive science, programming and engineering (Cheng). Some people consider humanoid robots a threatening force because they feel they are not safe, they will take over our jobs, or are uncomfortable with their
If you think robots are the kind of thing you hear about in science-fiction movies, think again. Right now, all over the world, robots are performing thousands of tasks. They are probing our solar system for signs of life, building cars at the General Motors plants, assembling Oreo cookies for Nabisco and defusing bombs for the SWAT team. As they grow tougher, more mobile, and more intelligent, today’s robots are doing more and more of the things that humans can’t or don’t want to do and in many cases taking away the need for human labor.