Robotic Male Crabs

Lake Malawi’s cichlid male population of fish are tested on their ability to build bowers to attract the female population. Altering this extended phenotype, or ability to build bowers resulted in no change of mating, but males that built successful bowers showed to

Mate choice is a product of mate preferences form in the environment of evolutionary adaptiveness (EEA). Sexual selection suggests that females prefer males who they can gain benefits from such as gifts. This is shown in male birds who make nests for females in order to mate with them and also in insects who give nuptial gifts.

You scratch Giant Crab 1 in the left first leg from behind, fracturing the chitin and bruising the fat!

Horseshoe crabs are an important part of the wetland ecosystem, however they are going extinct. Due to harvesting, pollution, and other animals consuming their offspring their numbers are dwindling. They play an important part in the ecosystem and need to be protected so they do not become extinct. The Delaware bay has decided to protect them for their future uses in medicine and to keep them as an important role in the ecosystem.

Each category of the book is filled with questions that range from why some organisms find copulation boring in their relationships to simple anatomical questions. Dr. Tatiana answers each of the proposed questions with comparisons to other organisms that experience the same situations. By doing this, she further provides readers with information on multiple organisms.

Analysis on faecal matter showed that turgescence of baboon ano-genital swellings links to the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, while deturgescence links to the luteal phase, leading to the conclusion that the swellings are under the influence of hormonal control in primates (Gillmann and Gilbert, 1946). This suggests that the role of sexual swellings is to visually indicate the onset of ovulation to male non-human primates. It is observed that swellings indeed attract males independently of olfactory or behavioural cues (Bielert 1982; Saayman 1970) suggesting evolution of this attraction to larger swellings occurred due to the reproductive success associated with it. Males that are able to recognise swellings, discriminate between them and to mate with the female when hers are largest, would have higher chances to sire an infant, resulting in high selection pressure on males to react to swelling state.

In order to hold onto prey and to keep it in its grasp Felis Catus has developed sharp claws to catch and hold prey. Unlike humans in this case the Felis Catus 's claws are

Horseshoe crabs are considered “living fossils” or evolutionary survivors because the external appearance barely changed in over 150 million years. The horseshoe crab is part of the arthropods, which include organisms such as spiders and scorpions. The horseshoe crab is made up of the prosoma, which is the head, opisthosoma, which represents the central part of the body and the telson, which is the tail. The tail is harmless and is only used to help the crab flip itself over if it’s turned over on the wrong side. Horseshoe crabs have been researched numerous times. Findings include their, ancestry, survival, morphological changes (if any) and phylogenetic research among the different variations of horseshoe crabs.

They based their study on the animals’ DNA and to provide evidence that sexual selection acts more strongly on females than on males. They collected Gulf pipefish from the Atlantic coast of Florida. To test monogamy, female pipefish were constrained to mate with a maximum of four males. As a result, much evidence was found to indicate that females experience stronger sexual selection than males in the population of Gulf pipefish. The average number of mates per female was about two while the number of mates per male was exactly one. This evidence is described as polyandry, which in this case produces stronger sexual selection for females. The variance of female mating success was seven times higher than male mating success. The only downfall for this experiment was that some male pipefish that had been collected may had recently given birth and may have been preparing their brood for a succeeding pregnancy. It was also found that mating females were larger in size and more embellished than average, concluding that males may prefer to mate with larger and more embellished females. In conclusion, the Gulf pipefish appears to have an extreme form of polyandry and it is supported that females have a far stringer sexual

In 1981 Owen Lovejoy suggested that behavioral mechanisms were a factor in the switch to bipedalism. This behavioral mechanism helped hominids in reproductive processes. Having the hands free to carry food and other things to the mate and offspring is seen to be a strong selection factor for choosing a mate. Having a such factor helps with reproductive success in a monogamous mating structure similar to what humans have today (Jacobs, 90). When

Judson, an evolutionary biologist, portrayed as Dr. Tatiana, a sex columnist, cleverly conveys mind-boggling facts about an array of creatures within the animal kingdom using a satirical approach. “I am a queen bee, and I’m worried. All my lovers leave their genitals inside me then drop dead. Is this normal?” writes a concerned honeybee in regards to the sexual practices of her mate’s. Dr. Tatiana goes on to show understanding for the honeybees concern and explains just why her mates do what they do. As a reader, one gains intriguing information on the sexual idiosyncrasy of honeybees. The author achieves her overall goal of informing the reader of sexual biology by addressing the issue on a personal level, making a claim. Then following up with facts that support the claim.

Red Tailed Catfish mating systems are diverse and sexual selection is expected to be stronger in some lineages than others. In particular, polygynous mating systems and female-only parental care set the stage for potentially strong sexual selection by female choice. But does such intraspecific choosiness target the same coloration traits that also determine assortative mating.

Sexual selection can best be described by the definition given by Darwin himself. Sexual selection is “the advantage which certain individuals have over other individuals of the same species solely in respect of reproduction” (Hosken et al, 2011). Sexual selection occurs throughout the animal kingdom, where male frogs dominate through the depth of their croak, and certain peacocks reign superior based on the colour and intricate detail on their tails. They remain superior to their lesser counterparts as they bear more admirable characteristics, from which they are chosen by females of the same species.

Another evolutionary explanation of gender development is mate choice, which suggests that gender role behaviours are related to reproductive strategies. It is thought that men will look for women who are young whereas women are usually more interested in the resources of a mate. This can be explained from an evolutionary perspective as mating with a physically attractive woman

The first few chapters discuss in depth both the general rules for mate selection and the differences in mate selection and varying preferences for male and female genders. As explained in the intro the author theorizes that the current behavior of humans in relation to mating behavior can be linked to our evolutionary past. He references Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution and his idea of natural selection, which is the the process through which organisms adapt to their environment and in doing so tend to