Robotic Rehabilitation

Occupational Therapy is a growing field; one that is constantly changing as technology becomes more advanced. There are different techniques and methods used in this field, as well as the field of physical therapy, in order assist in client advancement and growth. The traditional method being discussed is Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation also known as PNF and the contemporary technique is Kinesio Taping. These techniques and methods came about for the same purpose, and that is to ultimately help both the Practitioners and of course clients they work with.

He completed 20 months of extensive rehabilitation following his injury and was performing as a highly functional independent in his community. Six months after completing his rehabilitation program, the patient volunteered for the VR-based gait training program, continuing his normal activity profile outside the training and did not start a new exercise program or make any changes to his prosthetic limb. The VR-system involved projected a VR-environment and visual feedback on the inside of a dome. A 24-camera motion capture system within the dome was used to track 3-dimensional, full-body mechanics. The training environment consisted of a straight walking path through a forested area designed to minimize distractions from the visual feedback displayed on the screen in front of the patient. The feedback was a display of a real-time, full-body virtual representation of the person and a trace of the frontal-plane trunk motion (marker at C7). To help assist the treating therapist in noticing deviations in pelvis motion, graphs of the frontal, transverse, and sagittal-plane pelvic motion were projected directly behind the

Exoskeletons and orthoses are defined as mechanical devices “worn” by an operator and fitted closely to the body to work in concert with the operator’s movements. The term “exoskeleton” is used to describe a device that augments the wearers performance, while the term “orthosis” is used to describe a device used to assist a person with limb pathology. Lower extremity exoskeletons seek to circumvent the limitations of autonomous legged robots by adding a human operator to the system. The system is designed in parallel with human limbs to augment human strength and endurance during locomotion. The basic system design consists of two powered anthropomorphic legs, a power unit, associated actuators, sensors, and a control unit.

A torn ACL will not be able to heal on its on however, there are non-surgical options to help ease the injury. A concise and careful rehabilitation program will help aid the physical recovery of an ACL tear, easing the pain and growing the supporting muscles. Non-surgical treatment is only ever seen in elderly patients, with little to no activity levels. An MRI scan is often implicated to try and discover additional injuries that often occur with a torn ACL, which may change the way in which the surgery is conducted (Sutter Health, 2016). Surgical treatments often see the use of a graft, usually taken from the patient’s leg, particularly from either the hamstring or patella tendon (Wallace, B 2017). The graft acts as scaffolding for the new

A physical therapist assists patients in the rehabilitation of their body. They help the injured improve their movement and learn how to manage their pain. Physical Therapists in Salt Lake City Utah offer rehabilitation, treatment, and prevention of injuries in their patients.

Owing to the different mechanics of the hand and arm, the styles of rehabilitation devices usually focus on either the hand or arm. However aside from inserting a splint on the wrist-hand, for support, not enough attention is paid to the joint of arm and hand-wrist. This Robot continues to be in the biological process section and solely exists as a style answer for carpus medical aid. The Wrist Robot was designed to own low resistance to a free vary of motion and to accommodate all the attainable motions of the carpus . The design specifies the employment of brush-less DC motors. These actuators use gears and an incremental high-resolution encoder for feedback.

One of the fundamental parts of any physical therapy rehabilitation is the home exercise program. This rehabilitation program involves a set of exercises, stretches, activities, or instructions for the patient to perform outside of the clinic or at their respective homes. To gain a positive result, adherence to the home exercise program (HEP) is very important and crucial to meet the frequency needed for an optimal outcome. However, one of the major problems that PT students encounter is that they cannot make time to visit and attend their therapy sessions; this was further explained by Perry, M et al.[11] that participants were hesitant on prioritizing PT appointments over other commitments such as school works, family and personal matters,

The next phase involve of 3rd to 5th weeks. This postoperative rehabilitation program includes of flexion exercises in the supine and sitting position (can using CPM to reach 60_ 90 degree flexion) , patellar mobilization plus the ventral form. In this phase can do some new exercises in concentric isometric and co_ contraction . in( 3/5_ 10/12 )weeks, For this phase, the patient has a permission to do some exercises for recovery of the proprioception ( in the close kinematic chain mainly but we can use open kinematic chain as well), balance and gait exercises that are executable by various unstable platforms with enhancement of stimulating

A computer is positioned on the back of the suit (thus the back of the patient) and receives data from 15 sensors to control leg movements (). For individuals with spinal cord injuries, the signals from the brain are not able to reach the legs due to an obstruction or disconnect preventing successful nerve communication. The Ekso’s very own “smart crutches” provide an alternate route of brain to leg synchronization. As the patient moves his or her arms, the smart crutches trigger a signal in the bionic knees and hips initiating a step. All of this is done with the assistance of the physical therapist. Their job is to evaluate each individual's status, ability, progress, and comfort with the Ekso. The Ekso has two distinctive settings. The first setting is fixed assist, which is optimal for patients who may be completely paralyzed or severely weakened. In this setting, “each leg of the suit can contribute a fixed amount of power to help patients complete steps in a specified amount of time ()”. The other setting is designed to help patients with spinal injuries that still allow for some nerve signaling to be transferred from the brain to the lower body. This setting is called adaptive assist and is utilized when a patient is ready to start retraining and strengthening his or her lower extremities. “Clinicians can augment their patients’ strength and adjust to produce a smooth and consistent gait ().” Essentially, the Ekso is an electronic version of a human nervous system. The computer is the”brain” of the operation that transmits electrical signals much like the biological signals transmitted in

Furthermore, rehabilitation is one of the most promising therapeutic factors to regain motor neurons function and to restore the movement function. Types of injury are caused by a lower level or a higher level of injury. In case the lower-level is injured, functions of the pelvic organs, legs and trunk are affected. Patients who get the paralysis of the lower limb are called paraplegia patients. Whereas the hands, arms, trunk, pelvic organs, and legs are affected in SCI patients who suffer from higher-level injuries. When all four limbs are paralyzed, we are also known as tetraplegia or quadriplegia case. In both cases, the functions of the lower limb are impaired. Thus, this research is focused on lower-limb rehabilitation. Current technology

Mobility disorder caused by SCI or related illnesses in people have been on the increase in recent years (\citet*{chen2016recent}). To help alleviate the difficulties these people go through in other to carry out their day to day activities requires certain robotic devices. Wearable robotic systems such as lower limb exoskeletons do not only provide effective and repetitive gait training but also reduce the burden of physiotherapists. This is because it allows the integration of the human intelligence with that of the mechanical power of the robot. Among other applications these devices may be required for, gait rehabilitation and human locomotion assistance via exoskeleton is of great importance to people with lower limb disorders. For any

An individual’s capacity to move is critical to carry out basic activities of daily living (ADL). Motion illnesses considerably minimize a patient’s quality of living. This can be caused by two ways- a) injuries in upper or lower extremities and b) problems in Central Nervous System (CNS-brain or spinal cord). Thanks to the improvements in technology so that new ways of treatments are available for the treatment of the seriously injured survivors especially from war. In addition and due to economic reasons, the period of primary therapy is getting shorter and shorter. These issues will probably intensity later on as longevity continues to increase coupled with the prevalence of both moderate and intense motor disabilities in the elderly population and consequently increasing their need of physical assistance. To prevent these problems, current research studies display a wide variety of products specifically assisting physical rehabilitation. Robotic devices with the capacity to perform repetitive tasks on patients are among these technically innovative devices. In fact, robotic devices are already applied in clinical practice as well as clinical evaluation for rehabilitation from TBI, injured upper or lower extremities and stroke survivors. However, considering the number of devices described in the literature, so far only a few of these have succeeded to affect the subject group [1].

The abilities of a successfully functioning exoskeleton machine seem to have no boundaries. For example, Juliano Pinto, a professional soccer player from Brazil was fitted for an exoskeleton that could be controlled by his brain. In the Men’s World Cup game, Pinto instructed his legs to kick a soccer ball, and believe it or not it worked (Eveleth, 2015). Another individual that has found success in the exoskeleton is Robert Woo. Woo was paralyzed from the waist down. when fourteen-thousand pounds of steel tubes fell off a crane, up twenty-five stories high, and onto his body. The ReWalk exoskeleton was able to get him walking again and he noted that this device changed his life (Eveleth, 2015). Today, the exoskeleton continues to prosper as fantasy ideas sketched out on paper actually become a reality. The XOS exoskeleton invented by Steve Jacobsen is the most recent and advanced exoskeleton in existence at this time (Wilson, 2013). This exoskeleton was specifically designed for military use. It would allow for increased strength and endurance and protection against bullets and other weapons which would mean less injuries that need immediate medical assistance (Wilson, 2013). Although this innovation seems limitless, the power and battery life pose some serious challenges. Along with difficulties relating to power, other problems are related to height and weight

This paper examines the importance of proprioception exercises in the rehabilitation process of orthopedic injuries and conditions. Proprioception is the ability to coordinate movements and understand how much strength is needed to move a body part or object. There are several different ways to test the level of proprioception as well as a number of exercises to improve it. It is debatable whether or not these types of exercises are advantageous to a patient before surgery; however, it has been demonstrated to be greatly beneficial after surgery. Additionally, there is evidence that shows proprioception is greater in the non-dominant limbs of an individual. Nevertheless, visual feedback or hand-eye coordination is better on the dominant side.

The prosthetic rehabilitation of the ED patient requires clinical knowledge of growth and development, behavior management, pedodontics, prosthodontics, orthodontics and oral surgery .Since ED patients usually present themselves at a very young age with a multitude anomalies, a multidisciplinary team approach is required.