Robotic Surgeries Using The Da Vinci System And Laparoscopic Surgery

A major political and economic issue that is closely tied with robotics in surgery and healthcare is the rising costs of healthcare. Ethically it is in the best interest of the technical and medical communities to provide services to customers and patients at a fair and balanced price. On average robotic surgical systems cost

In today’s time of demand and supply of healthcare needs, organizations must discover or improve services that can meet the needs of patients’ whole at the same time generating revenue as well as achieving high standards for quality of care. One way organizations have done this is by investing in robotic systems to carry out a range of surgeries. In the following presentation I will discuss the topics of: Investing in the MAKO RIO Robotic System, The Utilization of the RIO Robotic System, Stakeholders

As technology improves, surgical robots are rapidly gaining support among both doctors and patients across America. Today more than 900 hospitals have the da Vinci robot which is double the number in 2007. (Freyer, 2010) Da Vinci robots were first approved by the FDA in 2000 for prostate removal, but now da Vinci robots are used for a variety of other surgical procedures (Freyer, 2010). Robot assisted surgery offers advantages such as smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, less pain and faster healing time (Vijay, 2010), as well as making surgery less demanding for the surgeon. Robotic surgery involves many obvious advantages but the impact of cost, access, and quality must

robot assistance. If robotic device can be used in surgeries to improve the outcome of surgeries

The use of robotics is growing every day. With that growth come the multiple types of procedures that can be performed using Robotic-Assisted Surgery. Robotic surgery, while being used worldwide, is most commonly done in the United States, with a total of 367,000 procedures being performed in 2012 alone,

The da Vinci Surgical System developed by Intuitive Surgical was actually developed to help perform surgical procedures in adverse environmental conditions or remote places or zones of conflict where the safety of a surgical team could be compromised. But, as the system was used in practical situations it became evident that it would be best to use it in minimally invasive surgical procedures. The da Vinci converts the movements of a surgeon into electronic signals which are then relayed to instruments which are then able to perform surgical steps without the effect of tremors if any in the surgeon’s movements. It is also incorporated with a camera which relays a stereoscopic picture to the monitor through which the surgeon can see the events in real time. This system was approved by FDA in 2001. The various surgical procedures that the da Vinci has performed include heart bypass operations, renal transplant procedure, gall bladder operations and laparoscopic surgeries. The Endowrist was also developed by the same company and it resulted in a design which was similar to a human hand and could perform all the movements in all ranges like the surgeon’s hand but it was more flexible, accurate and provided better manipulation of instruments as compared to a human

Robotic-assisted surgery is a robotic machine that is designed to help assist in surgical procedures. It is programmed to help aid the surgeon with the placement and movement of surgical instruments. A surgeon’s hand movements control the robot. Each of the surgeon’s fingers is placed inside of a circular part designed for their hands to fit into. There are

Although robotic assisted surgery has grown worldwide, and particularly in the United States where more than 67% of all da Vinci robots are installed, but as with any disruptive technology it faces some skepticism and challenges.

Robot assisted surgeries are surgical procedures which utilize a robotic system controlled by a physician or a surgeon (via a computer). The robotic system is equipped with a camera to help the operator see the organ being operated upon. These systems are known for their precision, accuracy, delicacy, and overall efficient controlling options. [3] Since their invention, they have been, and currently are used in urological, neurological, endoscopic, cardiovascular, and gynecological surgeries. Robot assisted surgeries have been in practice since 1990 after the approval of the technology by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), although the history of Robot assisted surgery dates back to 1985 when it was first used to perform a neurological biopsy. [1]

This robotic device can be used for several different surgical procedures ranging from gynecology surgeries to cancer procedures. Three components comprise the da Vinci surgery system: a high definition 3 dimensional vision system, a surgeon console and a patient cart. The patient cart contains four interactive robotic arms that are controlled by the surgeon during surgery. The robotic arms each hold the surgical instruments needed to perform the surgery. One of the robotic arms also holds a camera so the surgeon can view the surgical area he needs to perform on. While seated at the surgeon console, the da Vinci surgeon views the patient and the surgical field through a remarkable clear 3 dimensional screen. Forceps controls are also provided for the surgeon to manipulate the four interactive robotic arms. Each surgical instrument copies the surgeon’s movement to perform the surgery.

This includes the increase in dexterity, the restore of proper hand-eye coordination, and improvement of visualization (Meyers et al.). In Cameron Scott’s article from the Healthline News, “Is da Vinci Robotic Surgery a Revolution or a Ripoff?,” he states that robotic devices including the da Vinci surgical device succeeds well in urology and the removal of prostate. Prostate removal is extremely difficult for open surgery practice, however the da Vinci made is easier with about 90 percent of these kinds of surgeries are now done robotically (Scott). Some evidence even suggest that with robotics used in prostatectomy, there is less blood loss, faster recovery, and fewer internal scarring according to reports mention in Eastham’s article (Eastham et al.). There are many other examples from hospitals and manufactures that support the uses of robotic surgery and its benefits. However, even though these new technologies of robotic devices are supposedly be helping patients and making surgeries less invasive, they are still many concerns of how they should be properly regulated.

Laparoscopic surgery was first performed in the early 1900s, but was not widely used until the 1980s (Spaner, & Warnock, 1997). Now, laparoscopic surgery has become quite common, with more than 2 million Americans undergoing a laparoscopic procedure each year, according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (Fuller et al. … ). Laparoscopy is often preferred to open surgery due to a number of advantages that include reductions in post-op pain, incisions, and chance of hemorrhage. However, laparoscopic surgery skills require additional training over that which is needed to perform traditional open surgery. These include both technical skills such as suturing and knot tying with laparoscopic instruments, and the use of non-technical skills

The Da Vinci Surgical System is a large purpose-built robot controlled by a surgeon that performs minimally invasive surgical procedures on patients. The system incorporates an ergonomically designed surgeon's console, a patient-side module with four interactive robotic arms, each with interchangeable surgical instruments and a 3-dimensional endoscopic vision system. Powered by high-tech supercomputers, the surgeon's hand movements are scaled, filtered and then converted into precise movements of the surgical attachments. The designers of the system are a team of doctors, engineers and biomedical engineers at a company called Intuitive Surgical.

Technology is transforming the medical field with the design of robotic devices and multifaceted imaging. Even though these developments have made operations much less invasive, robotic systems have their own disadvantages that prevent them from replacing surgeons all together. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a broad notion encompassing a lot of common procedures that existed prior to the introduction of robots. It refers to general procedures that keep away from long cuts by entering the body through small, usually about 1cm, entry incisions, through which surgeons use long-handled instruments to operate on tissue inside the body. Such operations are directed by viewing equipment and, therefore, do not automatically need the use of a robot. Yet, it is not incorrect to say that computer-assisted and robotic surgeries are categories that fall under minimally invasive surgery (Robotic Surgery, n.d.).

The medical field has revolutionized the health and well being of society. Throughout the decades, the medical field has been through sweeping changes that leave society astonished. It seems like each year that passes by, there is a new technological advancement that modernizes the medical field. Not only do these advancements modernize medicine, but they in return aid doctors, nurses, and specialists by improving their effectiveness within the field. About ten years ago, the da Vinci Surgical System was introduced to hospitals and the medical field, in general because the FDA had finally approved the system within the United States (Dunkin). The da Vinci Surgical System, also known basically as robotic surgery, introduced the use of a