Robotic Surgery

Robots are used in everyday life. They are in cars, our houses, and many places we do not care to notice, as they have become a necessity for daily living. Advancements have been made, that allow for robots to be used in surgery. Robotic surgery is relatively new to the medical industry and it is often underrated. Robotic surgery offers greater efficiency, and utility than that provided through traditional surgical methods. The most traditional and common way of performing surgery is laparoscopically. This means the surgery is performed while looking through a small, camera inserted into the patient’s body. Though this technique is minimally invasive, it poses disadvantages, which can be overcome with the use of robotics in surgery.

Ben-Or, S., Nifong, W., & Chitwood, W. (2013). Robotic Surgical Training. The Cancer Journal, 19(2), 120-123.

Al). This includes the increase in dexterity, the restore of proper hand-eye coordination, and improvement of visualization (Meyers et al.). In Cameron Scott’s article from the Healthline News, “Is da Vinci Robotic Surgery a Revolution or a Ripoff?,” he states that robotic devices including the da Vinci surgical device succeeds well in urology and the removal of prostate. Prostate removal is extremely difficult for open surgery practice, however the da Vinci made is easier with about 90 percent of these kinds of surgeries are now done robotically (Scott). Some evidence even suggest that with robotics used in prostatectomy, there is less blood loss, faster recovery, and fewer internal scarring (Scott.). There are many other examples from hospitals and manufactures that support the uses of robotic surgery and its benefits. However, even though these new technologies of robotic devices are supposedly be helping patients and making surgeries less invasive, they are still many concerns of how they should be properly regulated.

robotic assisted surgery, and research. McLaren was the first hospital in the area to perform a

There are many robots used in surgeries now. The prior robots are no longer used, but have been improved for better success rates. MRI machines were made in 1977, and took as long as five hours to use once. “MRI is valuable for providing detailed anatomical images and can reveal minuteur over time.” The bypass tool was made I changes that occn 1960. so they could perform the surgery. “Cardiopulmonary

Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy is a minimally invasive procedure to remove the entire prostate gland and the seminal vesicles. This procedure is done to treat prostate cancer that has not spread to other parts of the body (metastasized). The goal of the procedure is to remove all cancer cells and to prevent prostate cancer from metastasizing.

According to Penn Medicine, robotic-assisted surgery is a minimally invasive surgery in which instruments and cameras are inserted using small incisions. What is different, however, is that the surgeon is sitting at a station next to the patient (Penn Medicine, 2015). During these procedures, robotic ‘arms’ are manipulated using hand and foot controls to perform the procedures. It is always important to note that it is the surgeon performing the surgery, not the robot. These, like any other instruments, are tools that are designed for use by those that are skilled in using them. An expertise in using robotics is essential so as to have success for the procedure.

“Last year, 73,000 American men — 86 percent of the 85,000 who had prostate cancer surgery — had robot-assisted operations,”.

The 21st century can rightfully be considered as the era of technology when the new inventions and discoveries will most likely affect all the segments of human life. At this point, some of the breakthrough inventions of our times have been in the medical field. Robotic surgery has become an almost common practice in the advanced medical world and new uses for robotic assisted surgery are everyday set in place. However, such developments also attract different interests and implications.

These results don’t surprise Gabi Barbash, a research physician at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, who was not involved in the work. Other studies have indicated that robot-assisted laparoscopies for colon, gallbladder and uterus removal take longer or cost more than traditional procedures, without much payoff in terms of patient

Robotic surgery. Robotic surgery is a type of minimally invasive surgery in which the surgical tools are attached to a mechanical device

Robotic surgery was first imagined from the idea that surgeons can operate on a patient without being in the same room, which was explored by NASA and the military in the 1970s and 1980s. The first ever surgery system that uses robotic technology is the da Vinci Surgical System. The da Vinci Surgical System was approved by the FDA in 2000. This system includes a camera arm and mechanical arms with surgical

The Da Vinci Surgical System is a large purpose-built robot controlled by a surgeon that performs minimally invasive surgical procedures on patients. The system incorporates an ergonomically designed surgeon's console, a patient-side module with four interactive robotic arms, each with interchangeable surgical instruments and a 3-dimensional endoscopic vision system. Powered by high-tech supercomputers, the surgeon's hand movements are scaled, filtered and then converted into precise movements of the surgical attachments. The designers of the system are a team of doctors, engineers and biomedical engineers at a company called Intuitive Surgical.

Technology is transforming the medical field with the design of robotic devices and multifaceted imaging. Even though these developments have made operations much less invasive, robotic systems have their own disadvantages that prevent them from replacing surgeons all together. Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) is a broad notion encompassing a lot of common procedures that existed prior to the introduction of robots. It refers to general procedures that keep away from long cuts by entering the body through small, usually about 1cm, entry incisions, through which surgeons use long-handled instruments to operate on tissue inside the body. Such operations are directed by viewing equipment and, therefore, do not automatically need the use of a robot. Yet, it is not incorrect to say that computer-assisted and robotic surgeries are categories that fall under minimally invasive surgery (Robotic Surgery, n.d.).

According to Mary Anne Dunkin’s article Surgery Goes Robotic, the invention of surgical robots was intended for military use only because it would provide a way for doctors to perform safe surgeries within the battlefield. The use of a surgical robot within the military would have allowed doctors to perform emergency surgeries within the battlefield (Childress). The only issue that was detected was the delay that occurs among signals. Unfortunately, “… it turned out that the delicateness of the robot would not lend itself to being out in the deserts of Iraq or the Sudan,” as Dr. Stubbs mentioned to Dunkin. Within Dunkin’s article, she mentions that even though the purpose of surgical robots was for military use only, “robotic technology could play a crucial role in surgeries performed in traditional operating rooms,”(Dunkin). About thirty years ago, the usage of robotics in medical procedures seemed farfetched because one would have never thought that the use of robots in the medical field would become the answer for many surgeons’ problems. For surgeons, the invention of the surgical robot gave them hope for a better future within their profession.