Robust Video Data Hiding Using Forbidden Zone Data Hiding and Selective Embedding

Thus steganography is said to be a covert communication. In contrast to Cryptography, where the enemy is allowed to detect, intercept and modify messages without being able to violate certain security premises guaranteed by a cryptosystem, the goal of Steganography is to hide messages inside other harmless messages in a way that does not allow any enemy to even detect that there is a presence of second message [1]. Both steganography and cryptography are meant for secret communication but the approach is different. Hiding of secret message using steganography can be done in different forms like text steganography, image steganography, audio steganography and video steganography. Encoding secret messages in audio is the most challenging task while using steganography because human auditory system (HAS) is more perceptive than human visual system (HVS) [5]. Thus audio file is used as a cover file to hide secret data and it is called audio steganography. In Audio steganography, secret message is embedded into digitized audio signal which results into altering the binary sequence of corresponding audio file. There are several methods are available for audio

Steganography in the context of digital content piracy serves primarily as a method to track where digital assets are moving or who is receiving them. It can be a good solution for distribution of a small number of copies but becomes less effective when distributing on a wide basis. In order for it to be effective a content provider needs to recover the content by means of the unauthorized channel and examine the indicator marked on the copy. This is cumbersome for wide distribution but can be used on a broad basis such as by region. Region coding is used with many DVD releases for example but can also be considered a type of DRM (Andrew,

Data hiding is a commonly used AF technique which is defined as “the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by the hiding of information in other information“(Tyagi, 2012, p.120). Data is hiding is used to essentially removing data from view so it is far less likely to be uncovered meaning that it won’t be used in the forensic investigation. The evidence will not be changed or

NTSC (National Television Standards Committee) regulations are to be followed here in the U.S. for all transmitted standard television signals. The NTSC clearly states, “3.58 MHZ chroma carrier (color TV signal), cycling by 60 cycles per second, with a video line resolution of 525 lines of the video signal is required.” In addition, 30 frames per second are to be presented. The NTSC guidelines makes it simple for entire TV sets to gather the identical signals that broadcast companies address. Furthermore, it is to be noted that this principle is for analog television, exclusively.

Multimedia security is ever demanding area of research covering different aspects of electrical engineering and computer science. In this chapter, our main focus is encryption of JPEG2000 compatible images. Though both stream and block cipher have been investigated in the literature, but this chapter provides a detailed study of block cipher as applied to images, since JPEG2000 generates various subband sizes as blocks. In the first section, we briefly define various encryption components like wavelet transform, bit plane decomposition, XOR operation, artificial neural network, seed key generator and chaotic map functions, for interest of the reader. Later in section 2, we present literature review of various encryption techniques from two perspectives: applications to highlight scope of research in this domain; and approaches to provide overall view of multimedia encryption. The section three provides a new two-layer encryption technique for JPEG2000 compatible images. The first step provides a single layer of encryption using a neural network to generate a pseudo-random sequence with a 128-bit key, which XORs with bit planes obtained from image subbands to generate encrypted sequences. The second step develops another layer of encryption using a cellular neural network with a different 128-bit key to develop sequences with hyper chaotic behavior. These sequences XOR with selected encrypted bit planes (obtained in step 1) to generate doubly-encrypted bit planes. Finally,

Next you will want to decide on the quality of picture you need. For instance the lower the resolution and slower frame rates result in a blockier, jerkier image, but you can

This critical review is to investigate steganographic studies and their methods to either exfiltrate data or defend against data exfiltration. Steganography has one main purpose, to conceal data. Huang’s (2011) method, embedding steganographic data in inactive frames of low-bit rate audio streams went against the norm (Aoki, 2008), (Wu et al., 2006), used active frames of high-bit rate audio streams. Active high-bit rate audio streams have higher least significant bit counts, which presents added frames to conceal steganographic payloads (Huang et al., 2011). Howbeit, Huang (2011) demonstrated a new algorithm he administered to (VOIP) inactive frames of low-bit audio streams, which could carry higher capacity payloads than

In this study, a new approach for data modulation in 2-D barcodes is introduced, and its performance is evaluated in comparison to other standard method of barcode modulation. In this new approach, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is used together with differential phase shift keying (DPSK) over adjacent frequency domain elements. A specific aim of this study is to establish a system that is proven tolerant to camera movements, picture blur, and light leakage within neighboring pixels of an LCD.

Dead files by dead accounts may not be removed without the cooperation of the corresponding users. In the paper “Steganographic Schemes for File System and B-Tree” [3], they have introduced StegFD, a practical scheme to implement a steganographic file system in which a plausible deniability to owners of protected files is offered. StegFD hides the selected files in a file system securely in such a way that, an attacker will not be able to trace their existence, even if the attacker has full knowledge of the hardware and software and data structures of the file system .They have also proposed two schemes for implementing Steganographic B-trees in a StegFD volume. In paper “A Multi-User Steganographic File System on Untrusted Shared Storage” [4] the threat to steganographic file systems (StegFS) is described which arises when the storage system is untrusted and is shared by multiple users. In such cases, the attacker could obtain multiple snapshots of the storage content and analyze them to deduce the existence of secret user data. To solve this problem, they have introduced a Dummy-Relocatable Steganographic (DRSteg) file system. It employs new techniques to share and relocate dummy data at

As with the improvement of cameras that produce high quality videos and images, storage needed to store the videos is became a big issue especially for the film makers that have huge video files to store. Thus we need a mechanism that make the videos compact so that they efficiently store on the hard drives and other storage devices. Here comes the compression techniques that makes it possible to remove the redundancy from bit stream of video files so they take less place to be stored. Transmission of video files is also a big reason that describes the importance of video compression in more prominent way. We need to transmit high quality videos over the internet connection of limited bandwidth. Thus to utilize this limited bandwidth efficiently

Image domain also known as spatial domain techniques; embed messages in the intensity of the pixels directly. In transform domain; also known as frequency domain, images are first transformed and then the message is embedded in the image. Image domain techniques encompass bit-wise methods that apply bit insertion and noise manipulation and are sometimes characterized as “simple systems”. The image formats that are most suitable for image domain steganography are lossless and the techniques are typically dependent on the image format. Steganography in the transform domain involves the manipulation The main purpose of Steganography, which means ‘writing in hiding’ is to hide data in a cover media so that others will not be able to notice it. While cryptography is about protecting the content of messages, steganography is about concealing their very existence [1]. The applications of information hiding systems mainly range over a broad area from military area, intelligence agencies, internet banking, online elections, medical-imaging and so on. The cover medium is usually chosen keeping in mind the type and size of the secret message and many different type carrier file formats can be used. These variety of applications make steganography a hot

Image Steganography: In today’s digital world secret messages get embedded in to the digital image which is called as Image Steganography where cover object used is Image . Because of the limited power of the Human vision system this method is most commonly used [5].

Basically there are two hiding techniques and those are Cryptography and Steganography. In cryptography an encryption and decryption keys will be available for encoding and decoding purpose respectively and it is having triple key to provide secured data to the receiver safely. Now in steganography not only encryption and decryption are to be done but there is cover media to provide more security and that is known as chaotic image encryption. Steganography is providing four layer security to the user and it supports media like audio files, video files, images etc. Will be there. Hence by combining these two methods we can have more security.

The paper proposes data hiding with codeword substitution in encrypted H.264/AVC video streams. Here video is encrypted and data is hided in the video to maintain the security and privacy. In this way data hiding in encrypted domain without decryption preserves confidentiality of the content. By analyzing the property of H.264/AVC codec, the codeword of the intra-prediction modes, the code words of motion vector differences and code words of residual coefficients are encrypted with the stream ciphers. The data hider may embed additional data in the encrypted domain by using code word substitution technique, without knowing original content. Data extraction can be done in encrypted domain or in the decrypted domain.

Quantization is a lossy step where we loose data. The DCT is a lossless procedure , the data undergoing through this procedure can be precisely recovered through the IDCT . During Quantization every coefficients in the (8×8) DCT matrix is divided by its corresponding quantization value. The quantized coefficient and the reverse quantized coefficient can be achieved by the following formula,