Diagnosis
Rickettsia rickettsii Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) can be challenging to diagnose. Each patient can have different symptoms which can resemble other common diseases. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is characterized by a sudden onset of moderate to high fever (which can last for two or three weeks), severe headache, fatigue, deep muscle pain, chills and rash. (Idph, 2016). The rash can appear on the legs or arms, soles of the feet, palms of hands and spread rapidly to the rest of the body. Although most patients get a rash there are times in which a rash does not appear at all. There is no specific diagnostic test for this disease that is why it is so hard to diagnose. One test for RMSF includes a biopsy of the skin rash. Routine blood tests may be performed,
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(2015). Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Medicinenet. September 1, 2015. http://www.medicinenet.com/rocky_mountain_spotted_fever_rmsf/article.htm
Chapman, Alice S. (2013). Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. September 5, 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/rmsf/symptoms/index.html
Connell S. R. (2003). Ribosomal Protection Proteins and Their Mechanism of Tetracycline Resistance. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. December 2003, p. 3675-3681, Vol. 47, No. 12.
Cunha, Burke A. (2015). Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Medscape. October 8, 2015. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/228042-overview
Harms, Roger W. (2014). Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, diagnosis. Mayo Clinic. September 25, 2014. http://www.mayoclinic.org/disease-conditions/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/ Basics/definition/CON-20032780
Illinois Department of Public Health. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Idph. http://www.idph.state.il.us/public/hb/hbrmsf.htm
Lu, Chuanyi Mark, MD, PhD. (2015). Complete Blood Count (CBC). AACC. June 25, 2015.
People with JRA may experience chronic fever, anemia, joint pains, and heart, lungs, eyes, and nervous system concerns. They might experience them for some weeks. It is the arthritis flares that frequently return. However, some of the symptoms could be less intense in the subsequent attacks. Symptoms of JRA may be eye inflammation, pink rashes that appear and disappear, joint stiffness, swelling and pain, and recurring fevers with a temperature of 103 degrees or higher. They might also experience a decreased level of activity, deterioration of fine motor skills, impaired bone growth and development, and limping.
Humphreys, however, takes a political approach in “Yellow Fever and the South,” focusing on governmental actions outside of the realm of the courtroom. Her work is composed of a detailed outline of the development of public health in the South and the subsequent tension that manifested between federal and state powers. Humphreys asserts that public health in the South was born in response to the frequent yellow fever outbreaks in urban environments where there was “overcrowding, putrefying organic matter, and the excavation of soil for construction.” Sanitary reform, along with quarantine, was an often attempted mechanism of epidemic prevention. Sanitation efforts were difficult given the fierce belief in laissez-faire government, the conflation
Diagnosis is based on a physical exam, medical history, and blood tests. Your health care provider may suspect Rocky Mountain spotted fever if you have recently been bitten by a tick or if you have been in areas with a lot of ticks or areas where the disease is common.
The first stage involves the hallmark of the disease, having a bullseye like rash known as erythema migrans at the site of the bite, and also flu like symptoms such as fatigue, fever, and headache. Not all individuals experience the erythema migrans so it is not a required finding for the diagnosis of the disease. If left untreated, the disease will advance to the second stage. The second stage is known as the early disseminated stage, and is when the infection has progressed to other areas of the body. It can involve additional erythema migrans on different parts of the body, Bell’s palsy, inflammation of the spinal cord, swelling the joints, and heart palpitations. Like other spirochete infections, such as syphilis, the disease can have various asymptomatic periods (Bhate, 2011). The third stage, can result in arthritic bouts and neurological issues such as numbness in different parts of the body and/or short term memory
CCIB received a complaint via phone call from RP stating that the facility has had multiple bed bugs outbreaks in the last four years. RP reported that she has saw bed bugs in room #225 which is occupied by resident Cecil Walters. RP stated that she thinks the facility did not treat Cecil’s room when the facility had there last outbreak. RP also have seen bed bugs in the laundry room, due to staff putting bed bug infested laundry bags in the room for days at a time. RP stated on 3/17/2017 she told the Administrator Anita and Lizel (Med tech) about the bed bugs, RP stated their response was “they did not know and that we will take care of it”. RP is concerned about the residents and that the facility will get another outbreak.
Bright red or dark red spots in the back area on the roof of the mouth near the throat.
One of the most prominent themes occurring in these articles is how much remains to be learned about battling illness. There is not a question that our knowledge of medical treatment has advanced well beyond the Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic of 1793. This is illustrated by Williams (1997), who asserts that most of the life-threatening conditions in today’s developed societies target the elderly. This is because medical knowledge has improved so vastly. Countries with easily accessible health care do not risk children and young to middle aged adults dying from conditions that are easily treatable; however, once one gets to the end of their life, conditions such as cancer and cardiovascular challenges are no longer avoidable like the common cold is in youth. Thus, it is the most fortunate societies that are plagued with high rates of elderly illness because the population is living long enough to be considered elderly.
2. The exterminator should send the bill to Pam and the manager. Pam should be responsible for $1,100 and the manager for $250. The exterminator and Pam had a conversation about treating the whole condominium. I believe its the manager's responsibility to treat the whole unit and not the owners because they are only under the mangers building the whole building belongs to him but also the owners responsibility to report issues soon.The city of Chicago requires owners to report any issues regarding bed bugs. The city also requires the manger to have a plan that all owners agreed to in terms of bed bugs. The owners decision was they will not pay extraordinary cases. Therefore Pam should pay for not following up with the agreement.
Differential diagnoses for the child includes, Pediatric Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Measles and Kawasaki Disease (Bennet, 2015).
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), also called blue disease [1], was first identified in the rocky mountain region of the United States but has since spread across Northern and Southern America. The disease is transmitted by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsia and is spread to humans by the Dermacentor tick species. It is a fatal illness in humans but is curable with effective antibiotic treatment of Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol which, since the 1940s has drastically decreased the number of deaths associated with RMSF. Diagnosis of the disease in the early stages is often difficult due to the diverse clinical features, therefore the disease is often referred to as “the great imitator”. Symptoms usually appear with 2-14 days of infection
Christensen AM, Pietralzyck E, Brooks C, et al. An interstate outbreak of tick-borne relapsing fever among vacationers at a Rocky Mountain cabin. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998:58(6):743-7. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1998.58.743
Those diagnosed with Rocky Mountain spotted fever, the most severe type of spotted fever, have the rickettsia rickettsii bacterium to thank. This gram-negative obligate intracellular pathogen has varying levels of virulence, from avirulent to highly virulent, and thus the severity of the disease differs among individuals. Highly virulent strains include the Sheila Smith strain and an avirulent strain is the Iowa strain. Despite their virulence, various strains of the rickettsia rickettsii pathogen have the potential to be transmitted to humans by arthropod vectors, like ticks. The article also notes that
The reporting party (RP) stated there is a relative who lives in the facility (refused to provide name for fear of retaliation). The RP stated she was informed there is at least one room in the facility infested with bed bugs. The RP refused to state which floor the bed bugs were located on, however, the relative resides on the 3rd floor and is not affected by the bed bugs. The RP stated the facility was made aware of the bed bug problem on 10/24/16 and the RP learned of the problem yesterday, 10/25/16. Consequently the RP is concerned that other residents may become infested due to the facility not notifying all residents of the
The fever came to life in the summer of 1793 and became an epidemic. There were Philidelphia and French doctors working on the cure to this yellow fever. Also the doctors both treated fever patients and the were in Philadelphia. All these patients had been bitten by infected mosquitos and people believed that the fever had come from foreign ships. There were somewhere from 2000 to 5000 people that had died from the epidemic.
Lyme Disease is the number one tick-borne disease in the United States and in Massachusetts. It is considered a vector disease because it is spread through the bite of a black-legged tick (also known as a deer tick) that carries the bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi. Lyme was first diagnosed in 1975 in Lyme, CT and the bacterium that causes Lyme was discovered in 1982 by Willy Burgdorfer (Todar, 2012, p. 1). Lyme disease spreads rapidly and can impact many different organ systems including the joints, brain, heart, and muscles. Symptoms can lay dormant for months or years or occur quickly after the initial tick bite. Difficulty of diagnosis adds to the burden of Lyme disease in Massachusetts. “Because of its initial presentation as a skin rash, …the difficulty in some cases of even considering Lyme disease given its presentation in the form of other more typical illnesses, …Lyme disease in the 1980s became known as ‘the new Great Imitator’ “ (Lyme Disease, n.d.).