1. The role and importance of warfare in Aztec society.
• The role of warfare otherwise wise known as yaoyotl in Aztec society was trying to acquire two things. First, to acquire territory, resources and quash rebellions and second to collect sacrificial victims to honor their gods.
• Successful warfare brought the Aztecs new territory and secured and extended their lucrative trade network. Parcels of land won through warfare were also distributed to nobles and elite warriors.
• This primary source above shows that the Aztecs do not carry a deadly killing weapon as the first choice but a club to injure the opponent to take to the sun god for sacrifice and a shield to protect them.
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• Warfare also allowed the Aztecs to make sacrifices
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Everything —earth, crops, moon, stars and people— springs from the severed or buried bodies, fingers, blood or the heads of the sacrificed gods.
Aztecs would therefore go to war to injure warriors from the other side and take them captives for this sacrifice. The reason for taking them captives was they would sacrifice those captives for the sun god which they believed if the didn’t make sacrifices they would have an apocalypse.
• Humans, both adults and less often children, were also frequently sacrificed to metaphorically 'feed' the gods and keep them happy lest they become angry and make life difficult for humans by sending storms, droughts etc. or even just to keep the sun appearing every day. Victims were usually taken from the losing side in wars. Indeed, the so-called 'Flowery Wars' were specifically undertaken to collect sacrificial victims. The most prestigious offerings were those warriors who had shown great bravery in battle.
Wikipedia
• The picture below is a primary source from the time period between 1325 and 1521. This shows the act of sacrificial ritual where the Aztecs take the body up to one of the pyramid platforms then cut the person being sacrificed open, then rip out the heart while it is still
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These are all guns obviously but the Aztecs in this time did not have these advanced weapons. This gave the Aztecs a massive advantage against the Aztecs
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One of the tactics that the conquistadors used was to make allies with the Aztecs and make some trades to make them think that they were friends and then make it a surprise attack.
• Cortes also saw there was unhappiness in some of the rebel Aztec states and with the arrival of the Spanish, some of these rebel states again saw the opportunity to gain their independence. Cortes was given support from a number of rivals of the Aztecs, including the Totonacs, and the Tlaxcaltecas, Texcocans, and other city-states particularly bordering Lake Texcoco.
• After eight months of battles and negotiations, which overcame the diplomatic resistance of the Aztec Emperor Moctezuma II to his visit, Cortés arrived in Tenochtitlan on November 8, 1519, where he took up residence, welcomed by Moctezuma. When news reached Cortés of the death of several of his men during the Aztec attack on the Totonacs in Veracruz, he took the opportunity to take Moctezuma captive in his own palace and ruled through him for months. Capturing the cacique or indigenous ruler was standard operating procedure for Spaniards in their expansion in the Caribbean, so capturing Moctezuma was a similar
All of the Aztecs were brainwashed to think that the success of their culture was more important than their own lives. Some may argue that they were showing loyalty to their community and religion. In reality, killing a myriad of people for the purpose of pleasing the gods and cannibalism in order to be rewarded, is not justified by religious beliefs. The Aztecs teach us good lessons today about government and countries competing to be the best. From these examples modern world society leaders can learn how selfish actions can impact the entire community in a negative way. It’s conspicuous that Aztecs were doing many things wrong that led to the death of thousands of innocent lives and the suppression of people under their
Miguel Leon-Portilla author of Broken Spears- The Aztec Account of the Conquest of Mexico, tells the story of the Spanish conquest over the Aztecs from the Aztec point of view. It is more familiar in history that the Spanish led by Hernan Cortez defeated the Aztecs with a powerful army and established an easy victory all while having intentions to gain power and greed. However, Leon-Portilla focuses on the Aztec Empire and their story. Leon-Portilla does a great job giving readers the real occurrences and events from Aztec members. This paper argues that history must be told from all sides. It is more common to hear about the Spanish conquest
The Aztecs were a remarkable civilization. Th is civilization were distrusted and disliked because they tended to push others out of their way. They ruled an empire in Tenochtitlan in the time of 1350 to 1519. They also were known for their agriculture and human sacrifices. Agriculture was a very important part of their h istory because without their farming method the Aztec couldn't have created such great civilization. According to Document A of the Aztec DBQ, states that the Aztec empire grew more than 200 miles west to east, and north to south. Th is means that with the growth of the empire the population also grew and more effective agriculture techniques were needed to feed the people. They created the method of ch inampas because they
The elaborate performance of this ritual was a display of the Aztec mastery of weapons for the gods, other warriors, and the onlookers from other neighboring tribes. This showed, that Aztec warriors were so tough that they could still manage to defend themselves and it was a way to show how the Aztecs thought societies, the world, and the cosmos worked.
The author argues that the Spanish were completely at fault for the total destruction of the Aztec Empire. In Broken spears, the author explains how many factors other than Spanish power contributed to the downfall of the Aztecs. Not only did the Spanish have many advantages over the Aztecs, but also they also exploited them and took advantage of the cultural difference. The main key aspects to the Spanish victory, is that the Spanish were viewed as gods at first because of their appearance, the Aztecs welcomed the Spanish with gifts and festivities, which showed the Spanish had total control of people. The Aztecs also held a ritual ceremony for the arrival of the “god” that included a human
Agriculture helped many people out because if there wasn’t the Chinampas, people couldn’t eat and they’d starve to death. (Document B) Military needed fed the most because if you eat, you get energy and strength to do things without being so tired.(Document B) When the military is fed, they can fight other lands to conquer land to expand the Aztecs society.
The image of "The Progress of an Aztec Warrior" taken from the Codex Mendoza gives us some idea of the highly ritualized, even religious, character of Aztec warfare (Austin 209). The dress adopted by Aztec warriors was hardly protective: from the depictions in the Codex Mendoza it appears that they fought mostly naked. Although protected by a shield, otherwise they were adorned with feathers, flowers, and animal skins, indicating that the warrior's identity was in some way dedicated to the totemic animal-gods of the Aztec religion. But the ideology of warfare was practically inculcated in the Aztecs from birth. Inga Clendinnen notes that
As mentioned in “Territorial Acquisitions by Aztec Ruler” (Document A), warriors of the Aztecs were known for being fierce, and it shows when you look at the territories they have conquered with this force. Sometimes though territories were deliberately left unoccupied, so that the land would later be available for another “flower war”.
In the book Daily Life of The Aztecs On the Eve of the Spanish Conquest by Jacques Soustelle you are walked through what life was like for the Aztecs. You are in 16th Century Mexico, or to them Mexico-Tenochtilan. Soustelle does an excellent job immediately putting you in character with the introduction of the book. The book is broken down into seven different main chapters detailing major aspects of the Aztecs lives in the late 1500’s. You learn about where they lived, to the wars they fought, and what life was like for them from birth to death. In this paper I will further discuss four topics that were very crucial in the daily lives of the Aztecs. I will help you find a better understanding in their daily life as well as the many changes they migrated through over time. The four topics I will be discussing are: 1. Culture and Customs of the Aztecs 2. Civilization vs Barbarism 3. Art and Architecture 4. Education and Home Life.
The Aztec were a powerful group but did not have an imperialistic worldview like the Spanish. The Spanish expanded their empire and travelled across to the America’s. Here they explored and conquered many groups of people. As they fought the Spanish army grew with more slaves being taken in. This was very different from the Aztec people who fought only for control. They were not focused on expanding their religion and allowed conquered areas to keep their religion and way of life. They did not take slaves and used the captured men for human sacrifice. The Aztec thought that sacrifice would keep their gods happy and increased the amount of before they were conquered. Thus the Aztec worldview was based on religion and the gods. The Aztec and Spanish worldviews were different. The Aztec respected their gods and only conquered land to not be destroyed while the Spanish conquered land to expand their empire. These factors helped contribute to the fall of the powerful Aztec
The Aztec and Incan empires both had strong armies. In the Aztec empire by the early fifteenth century the Aztecs were powerful enough to overcome their immediate neighbors and demand tribute. During the middle decades of the fifteenth century, the military elite that ruled much of Tenochtitlan, the Aztecs launched ambitious campaigns of imperial expansion. Know as “the Obsidian Serpent” Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma advanced first to Oaxaca in southwestern Mexico. After capturing Oaxaca and slaying
A second major theme, which played a very important role in this event, was the incredible advantage given to the Spanish due to their technology. The Aztecs were an advanced civilization with a large infrastructure, an organized system of government and many artistic and cultural achievements. However, they severely lacked many important advantages that were common in Europe at that time. The Aztecs had no iron tools or weapons,
The first being political political: the subjugation of enemy city states in order expand the empire and demonstrate power and superiority. The second objective was religious and socioeconomic: the taking of captives to be sacrificed in religious ceremonies. According to Friar Diego Durán’s accounts of the Aztec civilization, Tlacaelel - a king of the Aztec Empire - arranged with leaders of other Pre-Columbian city states to engage in ritual battles that would provide all parties with enough sacrificial victims to appease the gods. Tlacaelel reigned over a period of great famine in the empire in year 1450. The Aztec Religion believed that Gods required sacrifices to keep all running smoothly. There were several gods that the Aztecs worshiped to for agricultural purposes, for example: Tláloc, who sends rain and nourishes maize7, Centeotl, the god of maize in general, Teteoinnan, the god of agriculture as well as sexual fertility, and Xipe Totec, god of rituals and sacrifice8. The Aztecs believed that through worshipping certain gods, and generously providing them with a steady supply of sacrifices and blood, the gods would in return keep things balanced. When there was not enough victims, Tlacaelel resorted to these battles to collect more humans to be sacrificed. War was a dominant aspect of the Aztec civilization, and they aspired to exponentially expand their empire through military conquest, while also collecting tribute from the
There were many different methods the Aztecs used to sacrifice their victims but most sacrifices centered on the method of heart extraction. The victims were, “thrust onto the stone, where a temple priest cut through their chest wall with a ritual flint knife,” and the heart was, “[offered] to the sun for vitality and nourishment,” (“Aztec Human Sacrifices”). There was also the act of burning the victim alive in the sacrificial fire but before they reached death they were taken out and their heart would be taken out (Callery 33). Victims were not the only ones that were sacrificed; priests also conducted a method of sacrifice called bloodletting. The priest would begin by punctuating his tongue or any other body part and then proceeding to letting blood flow out (“Aztec Human Sacrifices”). A torture method of the Aztecs that might be
Coco is the story of a young boy in Mexico named Miguel who enjoys music, but is apart of a family that has banned all forms of music due to a family feud. During The Day of the Dead, he is whisked away to the Land of the Dead where he is given a chance to learn about his family's past and their hate for music. I saw very little advertising or trailers for Coco compared to most major Disney films, so I was expecting a neat little Disney movie that didn't quite match up to the Disney classics. However, Coco turned out to be a heartwarming movie about balancing your family and your dreams. Disney's advocacy for cultural awareness is as prominent as ever and a lot of love and understanding of the Mexican culture is put into this movie.