Essay about Role of Apra

AAPA also strive to create progressive work environments for physician assistants. Developing and pursuing legal strategies to expand and protect the PA scope of practice thus achieving a more autonomous work environment. Also developing plans and solution to remove any workplace-imposed barriers to PA practice thus creating a positive working environment for PAs across the country.

The banking industry has over the years evolved from simple to large and complex organization. They have grown from one street building into having multiple branches some of which are international. Their clients range from individual and institutions to governments and other banks. Banks do not manufacture physical things. Their work is simply services for money (Koch & MacDonald 2010). Such services include storing, lending and managing money. All people and institutions, as well as governments, need money to operate accordingly.

An Advanced Nurse Practitioner (APRN) promotes a comprehensive angle to health care, making them a health care provider of choice for millions of Americans who need healthcare. APRNs offer an attractive mélange of clinical expertise combined with an eminence on health management and disease prevention. Nurses from all spectrums of training utilize evidence-based research that helps them guide their care/practice and helps improve patient outcomes. This same evidence based research allows an overview of the quality that the APRN partakes in; it is in this review of the literature that divulges why so many people are happy with the quality of care that APRNs provide. The American Medical Association may

Accordingly, banking regulators assessed minimum values for each of these key measures. At 2007, “adequately capitalized” (i.e., minimum) levels were 4% for the Tier 1 capital ratio, 8% for the total capital ratio, and 3% for the leverage ratio; “well capitalized” levels were 6% for Tier 1 capital, 10% for total capital, and 5% for leverage. Well capitalized banks qualified for, among other things, lower premiums assessed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). Undercapitalized banks (e.g., below the 8% minimum required total capital) received a warning from the FDIC; continued violation of capital requirements triggered further regulatory costs, including intervention or (in the extreme) takeover by government regulators.

When determining the APRNs safety of care, little research has been published. The evidenced that is available states that the mortality rate was similar to that of the physician (Stanik-Hutt et al., 2013). MEDICATION? ADD SOMETHING HERE TO PROVE THE NP ARE SAFE

One of the primary feature of the Global Financial Crisis, as well as other previous financial crises, was the build up of excessive on and off-balance sheet leverage in the banking system. The force on the banking system to reduce its leverage caused a forced decline on asset prices worsening the feedback between looses, deterioration in bank capital and the reduction of credit availability. The framework introduced a leverage ratio requirement, fixed at 3% (actuaries.asn.au, 2011), which aims to constrain leverage in the banking sector, and introduce additional protection against model risk and measurement error. This will help alleviate the risk of the deleveraging processes, which can damage the financial system (bis.org, 2010). The introduced leverage ratio will be a reliable extra measure to the risk-based requirement.

Under TD Canada Trusts current capital structure, TD’s Tier 1 capital in October 2011 was $28.5 billion which had increased from $24.4 billion in the previous year. TD states that “the increase to Tier 1 capital was largely due to strong earnings, and a common share issuance” TD‘s capital ratios are measured by their financial strength and flexibility, and are calculated using guidelines provided by OFSI for capital adequacy rules including Basel II. OFSI will determine risk-adjusted capital, Risk Weighted Assets, and off-balance sheet exposures through the measurement of capital adequacy amongst the Canadian banks. There are two primary ratios used by OFSI to measure capital adequacy: Tier 1 capital ratio and Total capital ratio (refer to Appendix 2).

• Compliance: Evaluating adequacy of compliance risk management and assessing banks’ effectiveness in identifying and responding to risks posed by new products, services, or terms. Examiners will also assess compliance with the following: – new requirements for integrated mortgage disclosure under the Truth in Lending Act of 1968 and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974. – relevant consumer laws, regulations, and guidance for banks under $10 billion in assets. – Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973 and the Service members Civil Relief Act of 2003.

The primary measure used by regulators and analysts to measure a bank’s capital strength is the Tier 1 capital ratio. Analyzing this ratio indicates the strength and the bank’s ability to

Date: May 2011 Disclaimer This publication has been prepared as a general overview of the Banking Industry in Australia and does not constitute and is not intended to constitute financial product advice as defined under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cwth). Nothing in this document should be construed as a recommendation or statement of opinion intended to influence a person in making an investment decision. The information is made available on the strict understanding that the Australian Trade Commission (Austrade) is not providing professional advice. While all care has been taken in the preparation of this publication, Austrade expressly denies liability for any loss or damage of any nature (including but

Table 4 summarises descriptive statistics of RATE, the un-weighted (weighted) risk disclosure index (RDI) as well as SSB for all bank fiscal years, as well as for each of the eight firm years investigated, separately from 2006 to 2013. Table 4 shows a number of remarkable outcomes. First, it reports that there is a high amount of variation in ratings between banks. For instance, RATE ranges from a minimum of 1 (Default) to a maximum of 19 (AA- which mean very high credit quality) with the median RATE 14.12 (Good credit quality) that indicate most banks in MENA have good rating, but there has been a continuous decreases in ratings during 2008 and years after which reflects the impact of continues crises beginning with GFC in 2007 and credit crunch in 2010. For instance, the average banks ratings is 14.4, 14.29, 14.09, 13.77, 13.69 and 13.84 in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, but RATE begin to increases in 2013 which indicates recovery in MENA banks from GFC crisis effects. Finally, there is evidence that the level of listed bank RATE before GFC is higher than during and after GFC.

The risk-weighted assets will increase sharply since Basel 3 has increased the capital adequacy ratio of the banks to defend against the operational crisis in the future . Also , Basel 3 updated the standard of the main factor of Tier 1 as well as Tier two capital whose baseline has raised from 4% to 6% . Although transition period of carrying out Basel 3 regulation is long , the banks with lower capital adequacy ratio might suffer from the huge pressure of supplying sufficient capital .

In the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2007 – 2009, the Basel Committee of Banking Supervision launched a program that substantially revised the existing capital adequacy guidelines. As a result, the Committee released a new version of bank capital and liquidity standards, referred to as “Basel III”, in December 2010. Subsequent guidance was issued in January 2011 regarding minimum requirements for regulatory capital instruments. The G20 , including United States and the European Union, publicly endorsed the Basel III standards at their November 2010 Summit in Seoul, and relevant countries around the world have made efforts to study its impacts on their banking industry and to find the best ways to implement them into law in their respective jurisdictions. There have been numerous worldwide debates and discussions since its introduction. However, the core principle of more stringent capital requirement has not been changed and it is now unavoidable for impacted financial institutions to comply with the new standards. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the key elements for the Basel III capital adequacy framework and discuss its practical implications on the financial industry.

However, while the minimum total capital ratio stipulated by the Basel Committee is 8%, most African Countries have higher minimum capital ratio requirements as shown in the table in Table One. Nigeria adopts a 10% floor. As Nigeria still lags in strict implementation of Basel II requirements, the implementation of Basel III would be even farther away. In an attempt to strengthen Banks’ buffer levels in the aftermath of the economic recession, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision agreed to new rules on the minimum level (capital ratio) and composite structure of what Banks call capital. Broadly speaking, the new rules which are widely referred to as Basel III and are majorly Basel II plus lessons from the market crisis, still stipulate a minimum Total Capital Ratio of 8%. However, in addition to increasing the portion of the

The Basel committee on banking supervision (BCBS) in 1998 published a set of minimum capital requirement for banks. It focused entirely on credit risk or default risk, these were known as Basel 1. Basel 1 defined capital requirement and structure of risk weights for banks. Under Basel1 assets of banks were classified in five categories according to credit risk carrying risk weights of 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 percent and no