Role of International Relations

The international economic institutions refer to the Bretton Woods institutions which are the IMF and World Bank which were created after World War 2 and GATT was also created after the war and later became the WTO. I agree with the statement, due to the disproportionate amount of power held by Western countries compared to the rest of the world and the fact that these institutions attempt to press or force western neo-Liberal values on the rest of the world. In this essay I will go through each individual economic institution explaining how they serve western interests and how recent reforms have attempted to curb western powers within

Over the years, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has prided itself as the central element in the international economic management system across the world. This system incorporates other international bodies such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund as well as a series of other regional trade regimes that are growing. Collectively, these structures provide a mechanism that addresses international economic interdependence as well enhancing economic interactions that offer the promise of maximizing social welfare across the globe. These aspects have been brought about due to the focus given in the post-Cold War era where international relations have evolved beyond a narrow emphasis on politico-military affairs.

The trajectory of global politics has dramatically changed after the end the World War II and after the Berlin Wall came down in 1989. In fact, many countries around the globe became economically competitive, politically stable, and culturally optimistic. As the result, many nations started affirming themselves on the global arena while others continued to struggle internally and beyond the borders. The combinations of these factors have perhaps led to interdependency.

The role of states has forever been evolving but the impact that the last four decades of transformation create on states is both drastic and exceptional. States have been empowered by varied economic, political and social powers from the very inception of human society. They developed into strong agents of influence but this role soon changed after the Second World War and the cold war. The Capitalist and the Communist stood amidst tussle under the umbrella of super powers- USSR and the USA, focused only on its military and domestic power. The inception of UN Charter developed out of need for regulated peaceful international order after the Second World War didn’t gain much momentum till the end of Cold War. Initially, it was USA and the USSR regulating the limited economic and political interaction. However, the end of Cold war in the 1990s led to political division of the world into powerful modern states.

The contemporary international system is one of multipolarity, leaning towards non-polarity. The conclusion of the Cold War saw the international system shift from one motivated by ideology to one motivated by strategy — an underlying feature of multipolarity. A multipolar system exhibits a ‘balance of power’ mechanism, in which many states ally to maintain power, without a single force dominating. The current international system exhibits all of the key characteristics of a multipolar system — multiple nation-states of influence, alliances which shift on the basis of power and stability, and international decisions made primarily for strategic terms. Facilitated by the advent of globalisation, non-state actors possess an unprecedented level of economic, military, and cultural influence. Their expanded influence in the international system has helped shift it from the bipolarity of the Cold War era. The advent of globalisation has also introduced a real-time effect into international relations which has permanently altered the interactions between state and non-state actors, and the influence they have on the world.

Throughout history, different nations have cooperated with each other for a number of reasons. From treaties to sanctions, nations have worked together on important aspects of politics, such as war and trade. However, it was not until relatively recently, in the last hundred years, that nations have formed complex global organizations to regulate and discuss foreign affairs. International Organizations are formed, in theory, to provide mutual benefit to all countries involved. These organizations have had great success working toward their goals, but are not without their flaws. Some organizations have not been able to fulfill their purpose due for a variety of reasons. The League of Nations was intended to prevent global warfare, but lacked the clout to get its member states to obey its resolutions. Nonetheless, successful international organizations can be very effective at helping to create and enforce beneficial regulations. This benefit can come in many different forms. Organizations like the North Atlantic Treaty Organization , or NATO, deal mainly in military support, while the United Nations, or UN, focuses on peacekeeping, as well as human rights and humanitarian aid. Whatever the organization works to improve, be it national security, economy, or quality of life, global organizations throughout the twentieth century moved forward with their goals to assist member countries and promote humanitarianism.

According to liberalism, complex interdependence between states plays a huge role for each state. Liberalism considers all international organizations to be extremely important. Economics became more important than military power (Kaarbo and Lee Ray,9).

Some scholars have remarked that the rise of globalism and international non-state actors has ushered in an age where the traditional tools of international relations are no longer necessary. Rather than states competing with each other with the preverbal sticks, whether it be military force, economic sanctions, partnering with other nations to deter potential aggressors, the new Post-cold war world will be dominated with carrots. States will engage each other in positive-sum relations of trade and cooperation. This however was only able to flourished because of the unrivaled military supremacy of the United States. Without the United States as a global hegemony, traditional political instruments will not see a decline but rather an

‘No man [or woman] is an island’ is a sentence that captures humanity’s need for interaction in order to secure its best interests. In the context of international trade, supranational structures are necessary for all parties’ best interests. With globalisation proceeding at an ever increasing pace, the frequencies and magnitudes of economic interactions between actors of different states increases exponentially (Nye, 298). Growing complex interdependence creates a common interest for cooperation, in terms of pursuing a common framework of regulation and establishing a common standard (Nye, 299-301). As such, this begs the question of how the above can be implemented and achieved. International organisations, agreements and governance is the functionalist answer to the above question (Rourke, 165), even under the framework in which states only consider self-interests. Throughout the course of time, these instruments have grown in number and complexity. Examples of their more rudimentary forms are the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the Universal Postal Union (UPU), which were both established more than one and a half centuries ago, providing a common technical standard among states (Rourke, 137). In the past century, more sophisticated forms of international governance in political economy evolved. For example, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Uruguay Round in 1996 established the current World Trade Organisation (WTO) and an elaborate

To gain an understanding of the upbringing of these challenges, we must first define what the international global economy is and the events that took places. It was developed by global interdependence of economic flows that connects to the global economy world. Some consider it as ‘economic sensitivity’, which is controlled by global management that set the norms, standards and needs for the international global economy. Looking at the historical events that took place in, can help explain why we are facing these critical challenges today. The evolution in terms of the changes in forms of governance, affairs and outcomes

In this paper I will argue that the current state of international politics is characterized more by cooperation then conflict, and the international politics today is more cooperative then it was in previous eras of international relations. The change in behavior is a result of increased participation in formal international institutions, and the growing interconnectedness of societies as a result of globalization. The shift in international relations from conflictual to cooperative behavior can be seen in international security, monetary relations, and the environment, as states, combined with new non-state actors have begun to utilize formal institutions to generate solutions to international tribulations.

The world witnessed the rise in Economy of several countries. As a result of which people became and rich and economically prosper. The International Organizations like the United Nations and its subordinate bodies exercised greater control over the World. The International bodies are responsible for the maintenance of World peace and to address several other issues which are affecting the countries. The brief description of the International bodies is as under;

The world witnessed the rise in Economy of several countries. As a result of which people became and rich and economically prosper. The International Organizations like the United Nations and its subordinate bodies exercised greater control over the World. The International bodies are responsible for the maintenance of World peace and to address several other issues which are affecting the countries. The brief description of the International bodies is as under;

Events throughout history have brought about changes in every aspect of life, especially in the realm of politics and international relations. In this regard, scholarly articles, recent events, and in class discussions have suggested that certain theories can no longer be applied to the study of international relations due to changes in the state system structure during the past half-century. One such example is the shift in thinking involving the realist balance of power theory. While some could argue that modified forms of balance of power theory can still be applied, I am a proponent of the opposite opinion. I believe the global interdependence that has formed over this half century is the main means by which balance of power theory has been rendered obsolete and therefore, is not useful in any region of the world for explaining state system structures. The qualities of interdependence such as the partial surrendering of sovereignty to international organizations and merging of economies can no longer permit the sort of state behavior used in balance of power theory. Three separate situations between the United States and Canada, the United States and China, and between key members of the Eurozone serve as examples of this idea that this realist theory is no longer applicable. While these examples are largely economic, other examples I will not discuss are physical and military as well. Before examining each example, it is necessary to define balance of power theory.

In my work I talk about the Globalization and its relation with the Globalization where I dwelled upon the Globalization. In the second part I did survey and focused on the advantages and disadvantages of globalization as the statistics show.After hammering out the two factors I wrote about de facto effectiveness of the Globalization and at the end I stated my estimation and conclusion.