Roles of Woman in The Canterbury Tales
The Prioress and the Wife of Bath in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales are presented as two extremes of femininity. While the former occupies the realm of the delicate courtly lover, the latter is embraces traditionally masculine traits. In many ways they are foils to one another, but, in a more important way, they very much the same. Both are women who are not satisfied with the roles that society has determined for them, and as such, both challenge the expectations of the patriarchal order.
From her very first introduction in the General Prologue, smiling “ful simple and coy,” it is evident that there is something not quite right about the Prioress, one of two paths offered to women in the 14th
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With her “ful fetis,” or becoming, cloak, she is elegantly dressed, especially for a nun. Even her rosary, a symbol of piety, is laced with extravagance. Interestingly, attached to the fashionable string of “smal coral” beads is not the customary crucifix, but instead a “ful shene,” very beautiful, “brooch of gold.” Inscribed upon the pendant is the phrase “Amor vincit Omnia,” or “Love Conquers All,” referring to a romantic love, not the love of Christ. These details given by the narrator further contradict the oaths sworn by members of a Christian religious order. The Prioress took vows of poverty and chastity, yet she continues to dress as if she were a lady of the court. She should be humble, but she enduringly puts on the airs of nobility and is never shown in prayer throughout the entire General Prologue. Though as a nun her eyes should be trained toward the Heavens, she appears to remain a secular creature. Her desire to transcend her social role suggests the convent was chosen for her, as it was for many unmarried aristocratic women at this time.
The Wife of Bath is, perhaps, a more controversial character than the Prioress. Appearing well after her in the General Prologue’s line-up, the Wife of Bath is of a noticeably lower class, and lacking many of the ambiguities that comprise the Prioress’ character, the she is readily transparent to her audience. As
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She was a worthy womman al hir lyve:
Housbondes at chirche dore she hadde fyve,
Withouten other companye in youthe” (461-465).
Her face, like her character, is “bold.” Unlike the quiet and docile Prioress, the Wife is loquacious and domineering. She is a “worthy woman” who takes up space, and is a much more masculine figure. Along with her “reed of hewe” complexion, the narrator later goes on to note that she wears suggestive tights of “scarlet reed,” and is gap-toothed, all indicating a licentiousness of character unseemly in a wife. Indeed, her five husbands and string of lovers seem to further imply her lustful nature. When discussing her many husbands in The Wife of Bath’s Prologue, the Wife lends some insight into her particular method of marriage, boasting:
“And thus of o thyng I avaunte me,
Atte ende I hadde the bettre in ech degree,
By sleighte, or force, or by som maner thyng,
As by continueel murmur or grucchyng.
Namely a bedde hadden they meschaunce;
Ther wolde I chide and do hem no
Thus the young and pure would be taught to look at her, with the scarlet letter flaming on her breast, -at her, the child of honourable parents, -at her, the mother of a babe, that would hereafter be a woman, -at her, who had once been innocent, -as the figure, the body, the reality of sin.
Wealth and property feature heavily in the wife’s portrayal of marriage and along with the issue of her independence is responsible for many of her marital conflicts. The first three husbands "riche and olde" were married each for "hir land and hir tresoor" then discarded as the Wife looks for other prospects. When one of these husbands tries to restrict the Wife’s spending she refuses to let him be both "maister of my body and of my good" so refuses sexual favours in return for her freedom as she will not become a mere possession. She generalizes that women "love no man that taketh or keepth charge" suggesting an element of independence and individualism in 14th century marriage. The wife resents being controlled; she
In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, the Wife of Bath upholds the misogynistic ideas of her time. In “The Wife of Bath's Tale”, the reader learns that the Wife of Bath’s name is Alice. In her tale, the reader also learns that she has had five husbands. The Wife of Bath upholds the misogynistic idea of her time because she is very forthcoming about her sexuality and her relationships with her husbands.
There were three female characters that Chaucer created to display the patriarchal order. The Prioress, the Second Nun, and the Wife of Bath exemplify the difference in gender roles around the Middle Ages. The Second Nun and the Prioress stand devoted to their religion, which under the delegation states that they do not diminish the definition of a patriarchy society. The Wife of Bath, on the other hand, stands as a character who provokes the patriarchal society. Through her passage, the readers can depict that her behaviors, actions, beliefs do not make her the ideal woman in the Middle Ages.
The prologue of this tale showed that the Wife of Bath was not seen as an upstanding woman, nor did she desire to be seen as one. She portrayed feminism, almost as soon as she began speaking in the prologue, she explained that she had gone through five husbands, and she was on the look out for a sixth. She also admitted that she married for money:
The Wife of Bath had five husbands, and she believes that women should have all the power in the marriage. This is very important to her tale, and the Wife of Bath shows just how smart she was, manipulating her
The Wife of Bath takes on the role of appearing as a stubborn, valiant woman of her time. As a character of The Canterbury Tales, she attracts quite a bit of attention. She lives as a seamstress but remains extremely familiar with the role of a wife. The Wife of Bath has engaged herself in five marriages, making her proficient in the profession of love. She uses her own experiences with her husbands to give others advice. Throughout the tale, the Wife of Bath shows sexual immorality, arrogance, and manipulative characteristics making her an impostores woman.
However, these women were quite modern for their time, which could have resulted from their uncommon controlling female personalities. The Prioress governed the convent and the Wife of Bath designed, seamed and sold dresses from her home. From these managing positions, you could say both of these women had
The wife continues on with details of her five marriages to say that she previously had three unfit husbands and two fit husbands. Focusing less time telling about the unfit, she simply focuses her tale to tell of how she believes one should go about marriage- much like a business transaction. “By accepting the reduction of female sexuality to an instrument of manipulation, control and punishment” the wife gets what she wants through withholding sex. (Aers 148). The wife’s character in The Wife of Bath ultimately argues for Chaucer’s skewed representation of love, sex and marriage as seen in the Canterbury Tales.
The Wife of Bath is a wealthy and elegant woman with extravagant, brand new clothing. She is from Bath, a key English cloth-making town in the Middle Ages, making her a talented seam stress. Before the wife begins her tale, she informs the audience about her life and personal experience on marriage, in a lengthy prologue. The Wife of Bath initiates her prologue by declaring that she has had five husbands, giving her enough experience to make her an expert on marriage. Numerous people have criticized her for having had many husbands, but she does not see anything immoral about it. Most people established negative views on her marriages, based on the interpretation of what Christ meant when he told a Samaritan woman that her fifth husband
There are three women in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, the prioress, the wife of Bath and the prostitute in the Shipman’s Tale. The prioress and the wife of Bath are the only ones of the three that have a fully developed part of the overall work. They are equal to the male characterizations; the prostitute is only minor player. Women are rarely mentioned in the other pilgrim’s tales. The wife of Bath and the Prioress are examples of strong medieval women. As Chaucer depicts them, they are a departure from the typical sinful daughters of Eve with the exception of the prostitute. The wife Dame Alisoun, and the prioress are both pious, successful females but they are still under the domain of men. Chaucer’s women are still part of the patriarchal world of the late middle ages.
(NIV) God say that Eve ate the forbidden fruit and cursed Adam due to the foolishness and gullibility of Eve, the woman. Throughout the store, Chanticleer listens to his wife which gets him captured by the fox. By following his own thoughts and recalling past movements of the fox, he managed to escape by his own wits. In accumulation, the root of anti-feminism in the “Nun’s Priest’s Tale” originates from the fall of man by woman in
He describes the Wife as a self-confident person who thinks highly of herself and had “been respectable throughout her life” due to her incredible skills as a cloth maker (Chaucer 461). She wore ten pounds of clothing that she wove herself. She loves showing off her cloth making expertise and is not shy at presenting herself in front of other people. Chaucer describes her physical appearance in ways that express a lustful and almost seductive person during this time period. The description of her clothing, legs, feet, hips, and her gap-tooth is an accurate representation of what seemed to attract a man to a lady during this time. She was a very open minded woman who adored the idea of love and marriage which can be proved by her “...five churched husbands bringing joy and strife” (Chaucer 462). She goes on pilgrimages to several different places which gives the impression that she is a devout Christian and portrays her as a religious woman. Chaucer’s description of the Wife of Bath makes the readers think about the other characters in the general prologue and how she is much different than the
In the 21st century, many women have been successful because of feminism. Women empowerment in our current time is a lot strong than in the Medieval period, but it is still weak. In “The Canterbury Tales” by Chaucer it represents strong feminist characters in, “The Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale”. The characters such as a Wife of Bath, an old hag, and also a Queen from “Wife of Bath’s Prologue and Tale,” play a feminist character in the male-dominated society during that time. Through these three characters, we see strong examples of feminism.
The medieval church taught that women were inferior to men and that they should be compliant and obedient to their fathers and husbands. Men look down to women as their respect for their ladies are limited as in Canterbury Tales were these women start out as beneath men. These same men who feel the need to arrogate women of their dignity find their fate is later put into the women’s hands. Although a women is taciturn and does not speak out to the men and talk of their animadversion toward the men’s behavior, these same ladies have the power to then decide how these men should serve their punishment for their sacrileges and unruly decisions as in the “Wife of Bath’s Tale”, were after his life was saved by an old lady, in return this old women requested to him to “take me as your wife” (p.138). A women’s love and passion should be approached with appreciation and admiration otherwise being inconsiderate and impassionate will turn a women against a man.