Insula

In Li’s commune, the housing was not up to today’s standard. They lived in abject poverty. There was barely any available space in the house to accommodate everyone.

Many constructions in liberal states are built by individual entrepreneurs, whose aim is to generate wealth and money. That results in higher levels of overall attractiveness of buildings and the usage of different and sometimes unusual materials for their construction. New York is a perfect example of a city, which was fully built under the

“The reality is that if you are poor in a fast, cold city like this, they don't care how you live so long as you are not out on the streets worrying people,? 83 year old Maria Pagan told The Times. Mrs. Pagan lived for a decade in a Bushwick building that was crumbling around her ?the landlord, the City of New York, only began making improvements when her bathroom ceiling collapsed. In comparison, Riis’s description of his photograph of Baxter Street in The New York Sun, “At 59 Baxter Street . . . is an alley. . . with tenements on either side ?so close as to almost shut out the light of day.?

The stock exchange building represents material life and the windowless building represents security. Antonio can observe these buildings that illustrate an ideal life, but he belongs to none of the qualities that are associated with these buildings. He is exposed to all the danger of the city with no money at all. Clearly, this reflects the poverty level of the protagonist compared to the working class in Los Angeles. The people who are inside these buildings are having a good life, but Antonio is homeless; he does not even have money to rent a shelter to protect himself.

There were usually two types of dwellings which were common in Roman times, Insulae and domus.

Levittown project was taken up in the U.S. after the end of Second World War, with the aim of providing mass housing facilities to people in the wake of increasing urbanization and problems of accommodating large population in limited urban area (Friedman. 1995). The first of Levittown apartments were constructed on Long Island, New York and they symbolized the modern trends of urbanization and housing developments (Clapson. 2003). This paper shall study the impact of Levittown project on trends of further urbanization and analyze the aesthetics of design and development involved in it.

This article emphasizes by showing how the working class communities struggle on protecting their own space. It highlights by what method the author thought about in combating gentrification within the community since political affiliations played a role in breakdown communities like El Barrio, East, West and Central Harlem. For example, the idea of affordable housing and the idea of private house ownership particularly has harmed its working class communities to be specific the East Harlem community. The notion of housing and empowerment always has been connected and people always aspire to own one. East Harlem has been a victim of it since the Federal Housing Act 1937 led to create overpopulated housing projects and replace people in those

Most apartment houses didn't have much in the way of drainage or toilet facilities but if they did, such facilities tended to be only on the ground floor. So most apartment dwellers used chamberpots in their own rooms.

The common roman people were placed on the lower level apartments called Insulae, and the rich Roman people of Pompeii was placed in large and luxurious complexes called Domus. Many other rich Romans lived in villas. The rich families lived in a single story home that was built around central hall known as the atrium. The atriums were open up to the weather to let the rainwater which the Roman citizen used the water to bathe in and also to drink and cooked with. The atrium was an opening to the courtyard as the peristylum this area included a garden and the garden purpose was for meetings the rooms was decorated nicely. The main rooms were decorated with color plastered on the walls the floor was also decorated and the decoration showed your wealth.

Many architectural and urban forms and elements that we witness today are largely influenced by how buildings were design and laid in Rome. Not only in terms of its external design that brought upon important messages but the design of interiors and the significance of spatial arrangement of spaces exist within them has created the sense of physical experience in the buildings as well. Rome’s urban development and the rise of architectural movement began during the time of Augustus

In the “House of Mango Street” by Sandra Cisneros can be influenced by the analysis of Marxist Criticism. This story is a great example in understanding the Mexican-American culture. It shows what it means to live in the “American Dream” which many Mexican-Americans want to live by in order to provide for their families. In the beginning of the story, it already shows the issues of the family’s financial struggles. Esperanza explains how she is constantly moving, but tended to live in apartments that weren’t in good conditions. The last place that they used to live in had a broken water pipe that caused them to move into the current house they live in. “Where do you live? She asked. There, I said Pointing up to the third floor. You live there?”, the nun emphasizes on the word there as if to be implying that it the apartment complex is undesirable (Cisneros 5). Here we can see a boundary between the high class and the lower class where the higher class is not accepting the living conditions of the lower class. This part of the story shows the struggles of the lower classes that favors the upper classes because of the living conditions that both classes live in. Esperanza dreamed about moving into a house with “trees around it, a great big yard and grass growing without a fence”, but moved into a house on Mango Street that did not live up to her expectations since it was all her parents can afford (Cisneros 4). “The

Historical buildings play an important role in describing the social and cultural beliefs and values of a place of its establishment. People visiting the historic buildings are able to develop a proper insight into the community beliefs and practices that exist at the time of construction of a building (DuTemple, 2003). In this context, the present essay examines and evaluates the way in which the architectural building of ‘The Colosseum’ describes the societal and cultural values of Rome. In addition to this, the essay also demonstrates the technical and spatial features of the buildings and illustrates the way through the building is able to develop a language of classical architecture in Rome. The thesis statement of the present essay can be stated as ‘The extent to which the architectural building of ‘The Colosseum’ in Rome depicts the cultural and societal values and principles practiced in Ancient Roman Society’.

“The best that can be said of the conception is that it did afford a chance to experiment with some physical and social planning theories which did not pan out. “ This quote reflects Jane Jacob’s philosophical ideas in an attempt to criticize the social housing’s design approach and its associated urban planning in modern era. “The physical and social theories” outlines the urban planning idea of social housing (Utopian idea) and according to Jane’s statement, such experiment of these theories were deem to be unsuccessful. It is inevitably certain to some extent that a provocative statement towards modern era social housing approaches would hold true due to the minimal success the plans brought to the city, such as solving the working class commendations temporarily. Nevertheless, it is a failure to deliver long-standing social improvements corresponded with the increasing suspicion of modernism, one cannot simply attribute ill fate to its “innovative physical features” (As Jane said, the Utopian and Utopia), but should rather considered a range of other elements in the larger aspect of society: factors such as difficulty of racial integration, problems of financing and management, lack of bridging between architecture and planning, as well as the increasing preference of suburban lifestyle from the rising mid class. These problems reflected evidently in some stereotypes of social housing communities built in the modern era such as Pruitt-Igoe, sunny side Gardens, Paul

Romans became more and more concerned with constructing interior space rather than filling it with structural supports. As a consequence, the inside of Roman buildings were as extraordinary as their exteriors.

Outside these skyscraper spaces will be a redent set-back apartment blocks. These blocks are the “cells” of the system. The social structure of the city can be seen in the distinctions in the housing. The housing closest to the city center is larger and lusher. And the housing further from the city is smaller and designed for poorer people (Frampton 50). Therefore, upward mobility in the social system