Roman Coin

The central pillar of the British economy during its colonial period was its extensive trading power. Any threat to this power would have to be remedied sooner than later. For this exact reason the Currency Act of 1764 was birthed. In spirit the Currency Act of 1764 was intended for the betterment of British commerce. However, in actuality the Currency Act of 1764 had a negative impact on the lives of British colonial residents.

Although his previous works and ideas contributed to Smith’s influence on modern economics, it was not till he wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, commonly referred as The Wealth of Nations, that Smith’s ideas were considered the groundwork for modern economics. Written in 1776, the book’s

Since ; Athens was a democracy I feel that this better benefitted the citizens living their because it allowed citizens to vote for what they agreed with and what they opposed. For example in Document E it stated that there was an Athenian assembly and they had the power to pass laws, set budgets, and declare war. Whilst in Rome all of the decision making was in the hands of the Senates. All of this could not happen unless the Citizens came to vote. In Athens all forty thousand citizens were allowed to attend, however for some reason there was a shortage of citizens able attend at least six thousand have to be present to make important decisions . Voters had to make the treacherous trip to a hillside called the Pnyx near the Acroplois. Document B The Old oligarch was comparing Rome an Athens for instance it said "It is the poor man's fleet and

Money is the crux of society. Without it, anarchy would break out. Bargaining would fail as people would claim the trade wasn’t fair, thievery would explode across the globe, lazy people would do nothing, and people wouldn’t have motivation to do anything but help their own family and selves. Yet, while everyone knows money is important, is ALL money important? For centuries, the penny has been part of American currency. And back in the day, it served a great purpose. Pennies could buy candies, breads, and many other things all on their own. But as time has changed, so has the value of the penny. As costs went up, the value of the penny went down. And with its lesser value, some people wonder if it’s even worth it to keep the penny around. But the answer to that little puzzle is as easily seen as a jigsaw meant for four years olds is put together. The penny must be kept.

The penny has a lot of history, through the 200 years the penny changed design and value. Based on the article “The Ever-Changing Penny.” The first pennies were minted in 1857, they were very large, larger than a modern day quarter and had different images of the statue of liberty on the front(4). With this example, one can see,there were several visions for the penny before the final product of the Abraham Lincoln penny in 1909. The history of the penny reveals more than just a coin, it exposes a piece of american culture. The penny has influenced our language, giving us a number of idioms, such as “A penny for your thoughts” And “Not one red cent”(4). Despite its cultural influences the penny is under attack currently, the reason? Because making the penny also costs money, more than its worth,in 2011, it costs the U.S. more than 2.4 cents to produce the penny. The History of the One-Cent piece is a curious one. How long it will remain a part of your spending currency is yet

The creation of the printing press improved literacy because it reduced the cost of texts. The printing press reduced costs of texts because they could be mass produced (Arthur, 2004). Before the creation of the printing press, papyrus scrolls, codices and wooden blocks were used to produce texts (Quinn, 2017). The papyrus scrolls, codex and wooden blocks all had to be done with intensive labor which increased the prices of texts

Therefore, the capitol deserves the commemorative coin because it is where the declaration of independence was written, the document that made America free. It also represents old and new government, and it has a strong connection to the motto “that the future may learn from the past”. The capitol is the building where America has grown, and where it will keep

Athens and Sparta were two powerful city-states, different from each other where Athenian democracy focused on economic advancement, while Sparta oligarchy focused on military force. Democracy is a system of government where citizens have the right to vote, whereas oligarchy is a system of government where only a group of people is in control and only their opinion or decision that were taken into consideration. Leading to the thesis statement that people are better served by Athenian democracy than the Spartan oligarchy, supported in three evidence points. Firstly, Athenian democracy allowed citizens participation in government that gave them freedom to vote and take part in legislation. Secondly, the Athenian government provided Athenian men better education, by being taught how to read and write to reach their academic advancement. Lastly, the Athenian democracy’s contribution to Athens military advancement that protected its citizens.

It was considered taboo for a man to put his visage on coins whilst he was still alive perhaps in reference to the Greek influenced predecessor where the usage of divine figures or Gods were used. Thus would mean one could be implying some sort of association with the divine and that they were in fact a God, which refers to the concept of deifying powerful leading figures only after they are dead. Yet in 44 BCE Julius Caesar became the first living person in Rome to put his own portrait onto the faces of coins [See Figure.1]. By placing his image on the coins Caesar had gone against the Republican norm, as well as ensuring his portrait was recorded in the Republican veristic style which depicts his features with wrinkles and his receding hairline . Along with the laurel wreath to symbolise victory and the inscription that translates to 'Dictator for Life' would summarise and enforce a public opinion of Caesar and his accomplishments simply by being distributed to the Roman community in the form of coins . Perhaps this disregard of the typical modesty most Romans would display and, instead would appear arrogant is what added fuel to the fires which resulted in Caesars' death on the Ides of March. Nevertheless this type of self portraiture on the coinage became a method of political expression and a ways for rulers or Emperors as in the case of Emperor Augustus, Caesars' adoptive son and nephew by blood, to spread his ideals, accomplishments and ensure the favour of his people through cleverly designed political

Colonial paper money is perhaps one of the most fascinating aspects of colonial America in the 1700s. The lack of specie in the colonies is a well documented phenomenon and, in New England it’s effect was heavy, and led to the issuance of paper money. This paper will investigate the successful implementation of paper currency as endogenous money to grow colonial money supply and stimulate economic activity in the early American economy. Additionally this paper will argue loss of faith in the governments backing the paper bills, as opposed to a shock to the money supply was the rationale for inflation of colonial New England currency. New England colonial paper currency will be the predominant focus, but this paper will also examine the Pennsylvania pound. New England colonial currency experienced a considerable amount of inflation in the latter years of 1740. This can be attributed in part to large amounts of paper money issuance and the funding of King George’s War. Alternatively, this essay will argue that the bulk of the inflation experienced was due to a loss in faith of the governments backing.

Another thing to think about is the fact that the penny costs more to make than it is worth. In Source C the writer acknowledges that, “it takes nearly a dime today to buy what a penny bought back in 1950s” yet pennies are still in circulation. This stabilizes the economy by ensuring that the penny won’t be overproduced. Instead of making money with no monetary value, the US MINT has to properly conduct monetary policy because it costs more money to produce the coin.

Once Caesar died, the Romans were full of grief. He was such an important part of Rome that the Romans put his face on the front of their coins, which was the money that they used. There were 16 types of coins, and they were gold, silver, and bronze. These coins were called denarii. This helped the Romans remember Caesar as one of the greats for

“The coin types may be considered political from the start, for the ubiquitous references to family and to ancestral achievements were a normal part of political discourse at Rome.” Coins were an integral part of society in Rome. In addition to coins economic function, emperors used coins as propaganda about their achievements and their family members. These coins would have been produced and used throughout the empire as an “abstract symbolism of power.” This was the case with funerary subject matter that was struck by heirs and other family members to showcase individuals being consecrated, and their own power as a result of this association. In this essay, I am going to examine the coins of Claudius, Faustina I, and Marcus Aurelius,

“The Greeks did not just invent an alphabet; they invented ‘literacy and literature basis of modern thought” (Blake, 2002. et al). Therefore, schooling became longer because after an extended period of learning to read and write, children had become exposed to the literary of culture. Pupils are now learning about the world through reading in classrooms (King, 2000).

The Greek and Roman alphabet is important today because it was used to record and make us understand the Ancient World and to learn another language. Without this information, we wouldn’t know much about the use of language, writings, poems, speeches, plays, histories, books of science, books of thoughts about the world, and time, all of which the alphabet lead and guide us to. “The Greek alphabet is of paramount importance to world culture and writing, because it was used to record the most cultured and philosophical thought of the ancient world, which guides us today, It is the base not only the new Greek script, but a number of other writings, such writings in Latin characters,” according to this website. All of these elements affect the