American Romanticism in The Scarlet Letter, The Minister's Black Veil, and Young Goodman Brown
Nathaniel Hawthorne took elements of the European romanticism and reshaped them into a new literary form that is called American Romanticism. "The American Romanticists created a form that, at first glance, seems ancient and traditional; they borrowed from classical romance, adapted pastoral themes and incorporated Gothic elements" (Reuben 22). Some of the definable elements of romanticism combined with the Gothic including the crossing of some boundary or a taboo broken (Crow 1), the emotional response of pleasure and pain that the reader experiences and the mixing of good and evil to form a flawed hero. "Hawthorne developed a
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The new twist to the Gothic gives his work an added depth and imaginative quality not seen previously in American literature.
Hawthorne describes the prison ironwork "more antique than anything else in the New World (Scarlet Letter 112)." The prison is used as a American Romantic element of interest in the past, to give timelessness to America. The mention of Anne Hutchinson also lends a sense of past to the newly formed country he based his story. "Governor Bellingham had planned his new habitation after the residences of gentlemen of fair estate in his native land" (Scarlet Letter 145). The house is described full of old books, Elizabethan antiques, and armor to give an ancient and imposing air. The use of past is an often used method to give a sense of remoteness to the story to add interest and to suspend disbelief in the reader. The prison also represents the severity of Puritan law. Hawthorne uses the house of the governor and the prison as the mysterious setting characteristic of the gothic and romantic timelessness.
Hawthorneâs uses alienation of his main characters to society as a romantic method to explore the individual versus society. Father Hooper in "The Ministerâs Black Veil" asks "have men avoided me, and women shown no pity, and children screamed and fled, only for my black veil" (Hawthorne 2224). The veil is used to make him a better preacher and a living lesson to Milford to look within their own souls for
In the short story, "The Minister's Black Veil," Nathaniel Hawthorne presents a similar theme to that of The Scarlet Letter through the usage of the black veil that the Reverend Mr. Hooper drapes across his face to hide his secret transgressions from the world. The veil the clergyman wears is voluntary punishment, in contrast to the scarlet letter that Hester was forced to wear, though it's consequences are similar for Reverend Hooper, as he becomes an outcast of society as well. Though everyone knows Hester's sin, no one can even find the courage to ask Father Hooper why he wears his veil. When his wife, Elizabeth, finally does ask him, he gives her no clear answer and thus the veil's meaning is ambiguous and the townspeople all have their different theories for it including sin, sorrow, and weak eyes; though most fingers pointed towards a secret sin. The ambiguity of the black veil is similar to the ambiguity of the scarlet letter. At first the letter stood for the sin of adultery
Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Minister's Black Veil" embodies the hidden sins that we all hide and that in turn distance us from the ones we love most. Reverend Hooper dons a black veil throughout this story, and never takes it off. He has discerned in everyone a dark, hidden self of secret sin. In wearing the veil Hooper dramatizes the isolation that each person experiences when they are chained down by their own sinful deeds. He has realizes that symbolically everyone can be found in the shadow of their own dark veil. Hooper in wearing this shroud across his face is only amplifying the dark side of people and the truth of human existence and nature.
Hawthorne is known for being a Romantic writer with a Romantic subject: a rebel who refuses to conform to society's code. Most
"The Minister's Black Veil" by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a story about one clergyman's alienation due to his outward dressing. Reverend Hooper was a well-respected preacher who got along well with the townspeople until one day when he appeared wearing a black veil over his face that consisted "of two folds of crape, which entirely concealed his features, except the mouth and chin" (Hawthorne 253). From that day onward, he was alienated both socially and physically from his community and from himself due to his inability to remove the veil.
In Hawthorne’s “The Minister’s Black Veil”, Mr. Hooper loses human connection after he bounds himself to wear the black veil as a representation of human nature to hide sinful actions. Mr. Hooper’s refusal to remove the black veil causes the townspeople to distance themselves from him because they found his behavior odd and unnatural, including his fiancee. During Mr. Hooper and his fiancee’s argument, she continually presses him for a reason for wearing
Mr. Hooper has an effect on people by wearing the veil and he uses it to express his original purpose. Everyone on Earth has sinned, “for the Earth, too, had on her Black Veil.” This shows that Mr. Hooper believed that sin is a part of nature and it is a natural thing to be sinners. Even Earth, His own creation, is hiding her secret under a black veil. Hawthorne says this to show Mr. Hooper’s point that people have an inborn sinful nature and it is not always represented by literally wearing a black veil. In other words, he says that even people who do not wear a black veil equally have secret sins, “If I hide my face for sorrow, there is a cause enough…and if I cover it for secret sin, what mortal might not do the same?” People hide their real self to prevent being criticized by society and because they are ashamed of what they have done. He pays a high price in the attempt of teaching society the nature of sins. The people who used to admire him are now afraid and confused so he is forced to live a lonely live. Following this further, he influences people to believe the moral lesson behind his decision of wearing the veil. He wants people to
The theme of the passage is everyone has a secret sin, even if they don't have a black veil, people shouldn’t be quick to judge based on appearance. He developed his theme by using third person omniscient and his diction choice is archaic, puritan culture. There are two quotes to support this theme. From line 275, Hawthorne writes “There is an hour to come”, said he, “which all of us shall cast aside our veils.” This quote proves that one day everyone will show their sin. Together with everyone having sin, from lines 485-86, Hawthorne writes “Have men avoided me, and women shown no pity, and children screamed and fled, only for my black veil.” This quote shows how everyone he, Mr.Hooper, associated with, ran from him because of his black
In Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Minister's Black Veil," Mr. Hooper, a Reverend in the town of Milford, surprises his parishioners by donning a conspicuous black veil one Sunday. The town is visibly spooked, yet still curious, about his eerie appearance and profoundly affected by his sermon on secret sin. "A subtle power was breathed into his words. Each member of the congregation, the most innocent girl, and the man of hardened breast, felt as if the preacher had crept upon them, behind his awful veil, and discovered their hoarded iniquity of deed or thought" (2432). The parishioner's expect that Hooper will only don the veil for one day and then remove it, having used the visage to make his point on secret sin, but they are taken aback to
In “The Minister’s Black Veil” written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, a minister, named Mr. Hooper, goes through a physical and mental issues with himself and others. He had many scenarios where people are either uncomfortable or concern towards him. Not only because simply him as a person but because of what he constantly keeps with him, his black veil. With his ongoing life and his black veil, many people believed he has a sin but others oppose and claims he doesn’t. Mr. Hooper obviously has a sin because of what his black veil symbolized and his behavior and mentality.
Romanticism is categorized as “a preference for simplicity and naturalness, a love of plain feelings and truth to common place reality, especially as found in natural scenes”. Nathaniel Hawthorne was an anti-transcendentalist and believed in the dark side of man, hence his dark romantic novel The Scarlet Letter. This allegorical novel depends heavily on symbol and character. The novel is chock full of symbolic dimension of images, characters, and descriptions. The Scarlet Letter defines the American Romanticist movement while using symbolic characters and places that give the book seemingly two different stories. The first story denotes the story going on in the book, including the characters. The other story has symbols that speak on
One woman even swears the corpse of the girl reacts to him. Hawthorne writes “Could Mr. Hooper be fearful of her glance, that he so hastily caught back the black veil?” Hawthorne uses the black veil to symbolize secret sin and its consequences (Emmett). This is reinforced by the fact that Parson Hooper’s sermon is all about that very topic. While Hawthorne never reveals what exactly Hooper’s sin was, he writes in a footnote about a Joseph Goody from York Maine who had died eighty years earlier. Goody had also covered his face with a black veil because he accidentally murdered his friend earlier in his life. (Hawthorne) This reveals that Parson Hooper is certainly hiding something, but at least it isn’t that he murdered someone.
Moreover, the symbol of secret sin also appears in “The Minister’s Black Veil.” When the people of the town first saw Mr. Hooper wearing the black veil, they were all wondering why he would wear such thing. To Mr. Hooper, the black veil means deceit and sins to those who can not separate themselves from their sins. One example is when he is wearing the black veil to the wedding, and everyone is kind of skeptic about why he is wearing it but in reality, he wore it to remind everyone of their sins. Because of this, people call him evil, and he soon became an outcast. The black veil can also represent his own sin that he committed in the past in which he can never forgive himself. Symbols for secret sin are once again used in Nathanial Hawthorne’s works.
In Hawthorne's revered novel The Scarlet Letter, the use of Romanticism plays an important role in the development of his characters. He effectively demonstrates individualism in Hester to further our understanding of the difficulties of living in the stern, joyless world of Puritan New England. It is all gloom and doom. If the sun ever shines, one could hardly notice. The entire place seems to be shrouded in black. The people of this society were stern, and repressed natural human impulses and emotions than any society before or since. But for this reason specifically, emotions began bubbling and eventually boiled over, passions a novelist
Influenced by his Puritan background, Hawthorne focused on individuals and their relationships within their community. Works by Nathaniel Hawthorne such as The Scarlet Letter and Young Goodman Brown focus on the issues and hypocrisies of a Puritan society. Hawthorne explores the view that many fundamentalist religious groups have in regard to the alienation of members of a society who have been judged as sinful, while also uncovering the hidden evil in everyone, including the most honorable of preachers. He accomplishes this by developing plot lines, which focus on interactions of ignorant but wicked religious characters with sinful but relatable protagonists.
The short story “The Minister’s Black Veil” by Nathaniel Hawthorne follows the minister Mr. Hooper whose simple change in appearance alters the very nature of his existence in society till his death. While his decision to begin to wear a black veil over his face ostracizes him from society, it also turns him into a more influential clergyman. With the symbolism of the black veil and in a somber tone, Hawthorne makes a statement on the involvement of society in personal matters and the “black veil” that is present over the heart of every man, making the point that everyone is guilty of being sinful.