Rondalla's Struggle to Past Until Present

In Spain, the authentic flamenco had just a singer. It had a strained type of timbre and melisma was used a lot. It shows that there was Arabic influence because they also had that type of style. And because they also used a guitar as accompaniment, it showed there was European influence because they liked harmony. Bulgarian music also had harmonies but with voices. This was a European characteristic. Their music is very colorful and lively and I think that was Arabic influence.

When the concert first began, the three instrumentalists walked with energy despite their age. The first song, “Sonata I in G-Major Op. 2, Nr. 1” by Michel Blavet, was a Baroque Sonata. There were five movements and was played by the harpsichord, flute, and cello. All movements of the song were polyphonic because of the three instruments that had different parts and equal importance. In the first movement, I noticed that the flute tended to rise in pitch. In the second movement, I noticed that the melodies often repeated. Throughout the rest of the song the tempo changed from fast to slow and the flute would usually take the lead. On the last movement, the cello and the harpsichord

The performance consisted of one hālau, with about two or three different groups of performers per song, with a range of six to eight dancers. The age of the dancers were all older ladies, visually, ranging from about fourty to sixty years of age. The group could very well have been a local group but to my insticts, seemed closer to a group originating from Japan, due to their attire, dance mannerism, and song choices. The audience consisted of mall

5. Musical Instruments and their instrument families: A viola, violin, cello, and bass are classified as string instruments. The flute, piccolo, clarinet, bass clarinet, oboe, bassoon, English oboe, and contrabassoon are classified as woodwind instruments. The trumpet, tuba, French horn, and trombone are classified as brass instruments. Percussion instruments include timpani, xylophone, chimes, triangle, cymbals, and the bass drum. Keyboard instruments include

The Red Orchestra had all kinds of people in it jews, Christians, communists, and was 40%

Brass bands generally consisted of brass instruments such as the bugle, cornet, sackbut, saxhorn, snare and bass drum. A unique instrument of the ensemble is the saxhorn (APPENDIX A), an instrument family consisting of the flugelhorn, baritone, and alto horn. Today, the instrument is still used but mostly as euphonium/baritone, flugelhorn, or mellophone. Lewis (2015), discusses a twelve-key bugle unique to the Civil War era, to be a very common solo instrument. This keyed bugle was an improvement to the original open key bugle of the American Revolutionary War (APPENDIX B).

The traditional conjunto format deprived of a collaboration of musical instruments such as the congas, bongos, bass, piano, trees, a horn section, as well as the smaller handheld percussion instruments: claves, guíro, or maracas, which are all played by the singers. The Cuban horn section traditionally consists of trumpets, but trombones are frequently used in salsa.

that acts as a bass drum and normally comes in three different sizes that vary in pitch. These instruments are the heart of the entire ensemble. The tambourine is also a membranophone

Our instrumentalists include some of the most experienced musicians in the area. They play a wide range of instruments including fiddle, electric and acoustic guitar, cello, violin, mandolin, drums, and banjo. Many

•There wasn't a fixed, standard orchestral group. Ensembles were usually composed of strings, a few woodwinds, percussion, and the harpsichord providing the basso continuo.

focus on a specific family of instruments or a certain type of music, play musical instruments as

The first half of the concert was only instrumental. There were two violins, two violas, and two cellos. They sat on stage with the violins one my right, then the violas in the middle, and the cellos on the end. The violins played a few songs solo. The second half of the concert was only the choir and a piano. Their performance started with the song Daybreak. The song Daybreak also had a few girls playing percussion, one of them had a tambourine. Using SHMRG, the Harmony of most of the choirs songs were very homophonic. The Melody of most of the songs were mainly slow, though a couple songs were very fast, and upbeat.

Though Flamenco has very much been acquired by Arabs, Indians, Jews, Gypsies and the Africans the source of flamenco dance lies in the singing and guitar traditions. Originally, the guitar served as the companion of flamenco dances. Today flamenco guitar has developed into its own art. Like many other music forms and styles, flamenco has recently been mixed with jazz, blues, rock and pop music. This form is embraced by younger people but discarded by a somewhat older "purists."

(Wiener, 4). The new band had no name, and their early inspirations were Buddy Holly, and the

My mother told me that a man from the audience took the place of the