Roosevelt And The Military Function Of The Oss During Wwii

     The CIA is one of the U.S. foreign inteligency agencies, responsible for getting and analyzing information about foreign government, corporations, individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. government. The State Department's Bureau or inteligence and reserch and theDefense Department'sdefense inteligence agency comprise the other two. Its headquarters is inLangley, Virginia, across the Potomac River from D.C. The Agency, created in 1947 by President Harry S. Trueman, is a descendant of the Office of stratigic Services(OSS) of World War 2. The OSS was dissolved in October 1945 but

In fact, Pinkerton’s agency and espionage tactics formed the basis for the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

The progression of military intelligence through the years is traced back to the Revolutionary War in 1775, courtesy of George Washington. “Through various re-incarnations, intelligence has played a key role in how the United States shaped their policies towards the armed forces and other countries” (The Evolution of the U.S. Intelligence Community-An Historical Overview). Intelligence collection often waned during peacetime, but made drastic increases during wartime.

Also to reorganize the nation's military and national security system with the National Security Act in 1947 which unified the Army, Navy, and Air Force under a National Military Establishment lead by the Secretary of Defense. The National Security Act also created the Central Intelligence Agency, the nation’s major department of intelligence. The Act established the National Security Council to enlighten the President on issues mostly related to American foreign policy as well. Though the National Security Council had many improvements to make, it was able to grow in power and prestige through the involvement in the Korean War. And through the past decades it has become of great use to American foreign policy (“Foreign Affairs”).

“The most important innovation of the NSA, the National Security Council, was a special source of concern for President Truman, who worried that it would become a ‘‘second cabinet.’’ (Stuart 2003) The National Security Council was made up of The President of the United States, The Secretary of the State, The Secretary of Defense, The Secretary of the Army, Navy, and Air Force, and The Chairman of National Security Resources Board. The NSC responsibilities were to “advise the President with respect to the integration of domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to the national security so as to enable the military services and the other departments and agencies of the Government to cooperate more effectively in matters involving the national security.” (“National Security Act of 1947" 2009) Another important agency that came out of the National Security Act was the Central Intelligence

Since 1947, when the Central Intelligence Agency was created, the United States has had an organization that has the sole purpose of conducting covert operations, collecting information, and providing that same information to the respective personnel. Although, this, by some, has been considered conflictual as the CIA is handling those three actions. It is considered that this may be a conflict of interest in a means of, the same people that are collecting information, creating a bias opinion, are conducting the covert action being carried out. This could create a bias work environment. Due to the professionalism and 60 years of success to show for it, the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Clandestine Service (NCS) conducting

In order to extend power and responsibilities of the US Inelegance, on December 4, 1981, President Ronald Regan signed Executive Order 12333. The order empowered CIA and obliged other US federal agencies to fully cooperate with the CIA requests for information. The order is known as the United States Intelligence Activities.

The 9/11 commission clearly identified a problem with communication between the Intelligence Community and State and Local Law Enforcement which resulted in a new edict (from the IRTPA) of Information Sharing yet clearance levels and accesses quickly became an issue in disseminating information to those with a need to know. To help bridge this gap, the Homeland Security Act of 2002 was passed to crate the DHS by bringing 22 under its umbrella with a primary mission of protecting the homeland from terrorism (Blum, 2010). To do so, DHS’s key mission is to collect, analyze, and disseminate key/related information and share it with the IC and nontraditional partners (state/local governments as well as the private sector) (Blum, 2010). Likewise,

The Office of Strategic Services was the American intelligence agency during World War Two and its activities helped the allied cause. One of the Office of Strategic Services’ major missions was penetrating Nazi Germany. The OSS was able to train some of the German people to enact missions inside Germany. This allowed the US to destroy Germany from the inside. The OSS was also involved in turning Turkey into a neutral country.

Rockefeller Foundation gave Donovan a task to undertake a humanitarian mission to feed starving Germans. Even though the Germans didn’t want it, it was still an experience for Donovan and Foreigners. Donovan took command of the Army’s 1st Battalion of the 165th Infantry Division. He had taken command in April of 1917, when America had declared war on Germany and Maj. Donovan trained his men with a lot of discipline, and was very harsh to them. He landed his troops in Luneville France, sometime in February in the year of 1918. Donovan’s group was the first ever U.S. unit to recover ground for good, and were often in the advance of offenses. For that is another reason why he was the greatest spy to ever walk on this earth.

This act created a single Department of Defense, and created the Central Intelligence Agency, or CIA. These two new agencies acted as the first step in atomic warfare management.

Intelligence was only gathered on foreign military forces up until J Edgar Hoover’s FBI was tasked with watching radical groups who may have something to do with national security as we know it today; only the FBI’s role in IC ended with the outbreak of WWII (Moore

COINTELPRO (Counter Intelligence Program) repressed the government and firmly insured that any disputes going on within the government would end. The head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), J. Edgar Hoover founded the program in 1950. Hoover made it very clear that any person who was an activist in the anti-war movement would find their life invaded. Hoover's goal was to root out communism using any tactics that he could. The ways that this was achieved was through wire taps, lies, and having families investigated and threatened. The purpose of this was that the FBI wanted to keep a close "eye" on suspect's lives. With this going on, many anti-war activists and liberals decided that the bad did not out weigh the good. Due to COINTELPRO,

Over 70 years ago the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) secretly became a small invisible military unit, based in Washington, D.C. The organization displayed unique abilities and strategic influence that resulted in significant results during “World War II European, Chinese, Southeast Asian and other theaters of operations” (Chambers and Johns 2010) The OSS recruited experts to utilize their newly developed skills as operators and to be supporters of resources and intelligence. As the main intelligence organization during WWII, with many successes, and minimal failures why would the United States Government abolish the OSS?

The American intelligence community (such as it was) of 1941 was underdeveloped and too divided to function effectively in the interwar era. This lamentable state was the product of a decade of neglect. Modern U.S. intelligence capability was born during the First World War, when the Army set up MI-8, a military intelligence section focused on cryptology. Herbert Yardley was put in command of the section. He was an interesting man, known for his self-promotion, poker playing, and womanizing. By war's end the cryptologic services had become the equal of any in the world.2 Despite the groups efficacy, the Army demobilized it after the war. This was merely the first in a series of set-backs for U.S. cryptography and intelligence in general in the interwar period. Prior to MI-8, U.S. intelligence capabilities consisted of diplomatic reports, which were highly limited and unequal to the task of apprising leaders of threats during the era of electronic communication.