Rr-MS Case Studies

One important thing to know about multiple sclerosis is that there are many different types. There are four, vaguely defined, types of MS: Relapsing- remitting, Primary-progressive, Secondary-progressive, and Progressive- relapsing (Dangond). Relapsing-remitting MS, most common, is when patients experience a series of attacks followed by the disappearance of symptoms. So, in this type, multiple sclerosis attacks and then goes in to remission until another attack occurs. Its alternates back and forth. Primary-progressive MS is when there is a continuous decline in a person’s physical abilities. Secondary-progressive is when relapses are rare but the patient accumulates more disability (Dangond). Lastly, we have progressive-relapsing which is the more complex type. It is very similar to primary-progressive MS but it includes small periods where the symptoms and disease become worse (Blackstone).

a. Support: Common indicators of MS are fatigue, dizziness, numbness and tingling, weakness, blurred vision, heat sensitivity, slurred speech, problems with memory and concentration,

MS is characterized by the destruction of myelin, inflammation in the CNS and the formation of lesions in the CNS.

Most MS patients start with the development of transient sensory loss due to the demyelination of the dorsal column, which may progress to motor symptoms including limb muscles weakness or muscle spasticity due the demyelinationg of the upper motor fibres such as corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts. Leg

There are three different versions of multiple sclerosis (“What is MS?”). The least severe being relapsing-remitting; this occurs when a person has an attack and then there are no further

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. MS affects approximately 3.0 million people globally, with about 300,000 cases in the United States. Twice as many women as men have MS. The average ages for onset of MS is 20-40 years. In MS, cells in the immune system attack and destroy myelin, the fatty tissue surrounding nerve cells (http://www.phylomed.com/MS.html). Scar tissue replaces the myelin, interfering with the transmission of nerve signals and leading to numbness, fatigue, spasticity, loss of muscle control, and various other debilitating symptoms. There are four broad theories

Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is a disease of the central nervous system. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. Both have nerve fibers that are wrapped in a myelin sheath. In MS, the myelin sheath becomes inflamed and gradually is destroyed. With the destruction of the myelin sheath comes an array of symptoms that may include numbness or tingling, balance problems, weakness, muscle spasms, and blurred vision.

Multiple Sclerosis and Guillain-Barré Syndrome are two autoimmune disorders of the nervous system that occur when the myelin sheath surrounding the axons of a nerve degenerate. Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects the central nervous system while Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) involves the peripheral nervous system.1,2 MS is a gradually regressing disease that usually occurs in one of four ways. The first is relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and is the most common. Patients typically experience relapses where the symptoms are aggravated and enhanced followed by episodes of remissions during which the symptoms cease or calm down. 3 The second type is called secondary-progressive MS (SPMS). This type mimics RRMS but undergoes a steadier decline that may or may not include relapses3. The third type is primary-progressive MS (PPMS) where the disease progresses at a more regular rate from onset. PPMS, however, may speed up, slow down, or even plateau for a bit, but no remissions are present.3 Lastly, progressive-relapsing MS (PRMS), the least common type, presents similarly to PPMS in that the decline is steady, but this type of MS has exacerbations that the patient may or may not recover from.3 Unlike MS, Guillain-Barré does not present in types and characteristically attacks more rapidly.2 It is a poorly understood disease, however, research has shown that it is generally preceded by a bacterial or viral infection.4

Multiple Sclerosis, commonly known as MS is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Scientists have been studying MS since the 19th century. In MS, the body’s immune system produces cells and antibodies that attack myelin in your brain which is essential for the nerves in your brain and spinal cord to conduct electricity to perform its function. The attack on myelin results in vison loss, paralysis, numbness, muscle weakness, difficulty walking, stiffness, spasms, and bladder and bowel problems. MS has varying degrees of severity and affects people between the ages of 20-50, mostly women. Although there are treatments, there is no cause and cure yet.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition where the body attacks the myelin covering of its nerves and brain tissue. This results in inflammation and damage to these nervous system structures, resulting in disruption in nerve signals. These changes affect motor function, manifested as loss of balance and

Multiple Sclerosis, or MS, is a disease in which the immune system eats away at the protective covering of nerves. Multiple Sclerosis causes many effects on the body including vision loss, pain, fatigue and impaired coordination. The symptoms, severity and duration can vary constantly.

There is no cure for Multiple Sclerosis (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Most treatment is focused on improving quality of life by treating symptoms and slowing its progression. There are a few drugs to help slow progression, most of which are for relapsing-remitting MS (Mayo Clinic, 2017). In March of this year, the FDA approved the first drug for primary-progressive MS (FDA, 2017), called ocrelizumab, which slows the advancement of disability (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Ocrelizumab may cause infusion related reactions, such as hives, shortness of breath, fever, etc, and may lead to an upper respiratory tract infection (FDA, 2017). Acute relapses are treated with corticosteroids to reduce nerve inflammation, a traditional and approved method of treatment. (NIH, 2013). To treat symptoms, those with MS may go to physical therapy to help strengthen muscles and manage gait problems (Mayo Clinic, 2017). They may also use muscle relaxers to treat extremely painful

There are four different courses of Multiple Sclerosis. First, Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) is the most common form of MS. This type of MS gives the patient periods of remission and times of normalcy rather than feeling the disease at all times. In times of relapse, a patient may feel an electric shock from the neck down. Secondly, Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, (SPMS) is a transformation from RRMS with or without relapses or recovery. The disease progresses more steadily but not necessarily more quickly. In this stage, patients will ultimately have nerve damage or complete loss of a nerve. Thirdly, Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) is a type of MS where the disease worsens on a steady pattern with little or no

The first and most common type of MS is Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This type of MS is characterized by periods of damaging relapses followed by extending periods of remission without symptoms. It is believed that the relapses are caused by acute inflammation that appears randomly. Most individuals who are diagnosed with RRMS transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) as their symptoms worsen from recurrent relapses. SPMS is described as the progressive decline in neurological function that may or may not have periods of remission. A less common form of this disease is primary-progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Individuals with PPMS suffer from continual progression of disability without any periods of remission. This is caused by the gradual degeneration of neurons as opposed to continual periods of acute inflammation. This type of MS is rare, only affecting around 10% of those diagnosed with the disease. The rarest form of MS is progressive-relapsing multiple sclerosis (PRMS). This type of MS is the most debilitating form of the disease. Individuals suffer from a steady decline in neurological function from continual acute attacks of inflammation. In this form of MS, there are no periods of remission and disability worsens, often without any recovery (Waxman,

People with MS may experience unusual sensations in their body such as numbness and tingling. This may feel like pins and needles which can be extremely uncomfortable for the person but they can be managed and treated. The symptoms will come completely randomly and this can cause the person to feel as though they don't have any control of their body. For example if a person is holding something and their hand goes numb, the object would fall and this can make the person upset or angry.