Rubella Research Paper

Each year more than 90,000 infants are hospitalized with the RSV infection, and nearly 75% of bronchiolitis cases and more than 50% of pneumonia cases are hospitalized also because of the infection. The infection usually lasts from four to twenty-one days. If the infection is severe it could last a lot longer. By the age of two most children has had the infection. There are new developments in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of RSV infection in infants and children. Early childhood recognition can help to minimize the morbidity and

Measles was discovered in the 19th century by a Persian Doctor, but was not recognized until 1957 as an infectious agent in human blood by a Scottish physician. In 1912 measles became a notifiable disease and in the first decade that records were kept there was on average 6,000 deaths per year reported from the disease. (Center For Disease Control). There is no definite origination of measles but scientists believe that it dates back to the Roman Empire about the 11th and 12th century (NCBI, 2010). The first outbreak known in America was in 1657 in Boston,

In the 1998 article in the Lancet, Wakefield studied 12 children “who, after a period of apparent normality, lost acquired skills, including communication” (Wakefield, Murch, Anthony, Linnell, Casson, Malik, Berelowitz, Dhillon, Thomson, Harvey, Valentine, Davies, & Walker-Smith,1998). All 12 children were reported to show behavioral symptoms after receiving the vaccination. After receiving the vaccination, the features associated with exposure collectively included fever/delirium, rash, self-injury, repetitive behavior, loss of self-help, convulsion, gaze avoidance, diarrhea, disinterest, lack of play, vomiting, and recurrent viral pneumonia. In 8 of the 12 children, the beginning of behavioral problems was linked to the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination by either the parents or by the child’s

Herpes Zosters also known as shingles is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that that causes us to get chickenpox. . Anyone who has ever had chickenpox in their youth years, are most likely to get shingles in their elder years. Once a person has chickenpox, the virus is still in the person body. It “sleeps” in certain nerves in your body and once you get older the virus will reactivate and become herpes zoster. Every 1 in 3 people will get shingles at the age 60 and older. About 1 million people in the U.S are affected by this virus. Having a low immune system can give the virus a chance to attack the victim. If the victim has a medical condition such as having leukemia, and lymphoma, having HIV, or even taking medication

Research done by the Centres for Disease Control and Protection (CDC) has shown that the MMR vaccine, or the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, is 93% effective against measles after one dosage, and 97% effective after two doses. Moreover, the Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine is shown to be 98% effective after two doses, and the hepatitis B vaccine is shown to be over 90% effective in infants, children and adults alike. Despite the fact that the aforementioned vaccines aren’t 100 percent effective, their high success rates still prove that vaccines are extremely effective, thus making them essential to maintaining children’s

The global use of vaccines has been very successful in reducing the incidence of infectious diseases and their associated complications. For centuries, infectious diseases were the most common cause of disability and death in the world. Until the 19th century, it was not known what caused these diseases and why some people became seriously ill with an infection while others were less affected.

Data has suggested that the MMR vaccination is not associated with the increased risk of pervasive developmental disorders. No increased risk of autism has been after following the exposure to wild measles as well as vaccinations with monovalent measles, and Urabe or Jeryl-Lynn variants of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. This fat there is no evidence that points to the onset of autistic symptoms or of regression is actually related to measles, mumps and rubella vaccination. Data does not support the association between MMR and

In 2001 a research paper titled “Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children” published in The Lancet and written by AJ Wakefield et al. This paper claimed that there was a connection between measles, mumps and rubella

The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps and rubella and can cause rashes, swelling and sometimes irritation of the nerves in the legs. Mumps causes fever, headaches and swelling in salivary glands and could lead to meningitis (Source American Academy). Rubella in a pregnant woman can cause the loss of a baby, blindness and deafness in the child. Measles also cause rashes, fevers, ear infections and pneumonia. The MMR vaccine has been rumored to not only cause minor problems but also Autism Spectrum

Mothers need to know it is important to protect their unborn babies from unnecessary hardships. Women who become infected with measles, mumps, or rubella (MMR) while pregnant can cause birth defects on the developing baby. Women who plan to become pregnant should become vaccinated from rubella in order to prevent diseases in there developing baby, such as congenital cataracts (Sharma, Sharan, & Billson, 2006, 84). If a mother is not immune to these viruses during pregnancy, it is recommended that she receive a vaccine after delivery of her first baby if she is thinking about having another child. Often the family can become concerned about effecting a

MMR stands for measles, mumps, and rubella (Measles). It’s very safe and effective (Measles). The CDC recommends that “all children get two doses of the vaccine, starting with the first dose at 12-15 months, and the second dose at 4-6 years of age” (Measles What). “People who received two doses of MMR vaccine as children according to the United States vaccination schedule are considered protected for life” (Measles What). There is also a MMRV vaccine which includes the varicella vaccine (Measles What). Measles is a disease that causes a rash, fever, cough, a runny nose, and watery eyes (Measles). “Complications can include ear infection, diarrhea, pneumonia, brain damage, and death” (Measles). Mumps consists of a fever, headache, muscle aches, tiredness, loss of appetite, and swollen salivary glands (Measles). “Complications can include swelling, deafness, inflammation of the brain and/or tissue covering the brain and spinal cord (Measles). It rarely causes death. Rubella can cause a fever, sore throat, rash, headache, and itchy eyes (Measles). “If a woman is pregnant and gets Rubella, she could have a miscarriage or her baby could be born with serious birth defects” (Measles). Even though this vaccine can have side effects, it is still important to get this

Rubella (“German measles”) would cause birth defects (deafness, blindness or heart abnormalities) and mental retardation in newborns; 9 in 10 babies infected during the first 10 weeks after conception will have a major abnormality. There were over 3,000 cases of rubella reported yearly between 1992 and 1995, but vaccination meant that by 2004/2005 there were only 31 confirmed cases per year in Australia.

Despite the fact, that some people believe that vaccination is bad, majority of the population still getting vaccinated yearly. One of the diseases children might experience is rotavirus which is major cause of severe acute gastroenteritis or AGE. Previously it infected nearly every child in United States by age of 5 years old until “routine rotavirus vaccination on United States infants began in 2006” (245). There were two studies conducted that proved that vaccination protects children from certain diseases. (name of the study) provided many rated based on their study and it showed that “rotavirus vaccination had dramatically decreased rates of hospitalization for rotavirus infection among children in United States countries” (245). The study demonstrated a burden of severe

In these days of modern medicine, most children are vaccinated early in life for diseases such as rubella, measles, and tetanus. Vaccines have been perfected to shield and protect our body from seriously life threatening diseases that could have the potential to wipe out large populations. Most of America and a lot of western countries see vaccines as beneficial and a common necessity for their children and themselves. However, this view has not always been accepted. In fact, vaccines were only first widely considered to be helpful for diseases when a man named Louis Pasteur began experimenting with rabies. We will start our journey of microbiological history with the discovery of anthrax and move forward through the creation of Pasteur’s rabies vaccine.

In 1963 the Noble Peace Prize winning virologist John F. Enders finally licensed his vaccine for measles. Prior to this vaccine the United States alone reported 4 million cases of the measles each year. With more scientific discoveries the measles vaccine today has evolved to include immunity against rubella and mumps along with protecting millions against illness each year. However, vaccination is a word surrounded by controversy in today’s parenting world and the Measles Mumps and Rubella vaccine (MMR) can be distinguished as possibly the most controversial vaccine of our time. Controversial because of the fear that many have that it causes autism along with other hazards. This fear has clouded