Running Head: Malaria In African Children. . . . Malaria

Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases

Malaria is spread by the female Anopheles mosquito.When the mosquito bites the malaria parasite is passed into the human bloodstream, infecting them and this works both ways, if a human has previously been given the parasite and a unaffected mosquito bites them, the mosquito will pick up the parasite and spread it further. For the mosquito to survive it the humidity must be high, and the temperature must be between 15°C and below 40°C. Stagnant pools of water allow the mosquito to live. It uses areas like marshes, lakes and river pools to breed. Increasing population growth can encourage people to live closer to affected areas that were previously avoided, such as close to river pools. Normally the

Malaria has been a huge problem among many developing nations over the past century. The amount of people in the entire world that die from malaria each year is between 700,000 and 2.7 million. 75% of these deaths are African children (Med. Letter on CDC & FDA, 2001). 90% of the malaria cases in the world are located in Sub-Saharan Africa. Once again, the majority of these deaths are of children (Randerson, 2002). The numbers speak for themselves. Malaria is a huge problem and needs to be dealt with immediately.

A general factors that effects the transmission of disease is the weather of countries. For example, in Africa the weather is really hot which means mosquitos are able to survive through bites? Malaria would be spread through the bites of the mosquitos. Therefore, many people that are suffering from malaria in Africa spend most of their income of treatments. Even though malaria has been eliminated from temperature climates, it will still affect the sub-tropical and tropical regions. Malaria is one of the major public health challenges due to poor counties. However, people that have high incomes will be able to prevent themselves rather than suffering from the disease. Not being able to pay for vaccine is the biggest factor as it affects

It has been estimated that 609 million people in Africa are at risk of having malaria (Mabaso et al 2007, p. 35). Almost 34% of the populations in Zambia live in endemic risk areas, while 48% of the populations are in epidemic risk (Guerra et al., 2008, p.54; WHO

Malaria is known to harvest upon human beings the most since human beings serve as a very viable host to malaria. The people from Africa are also known to serve as the best hosts for malaria parasites throughout the world and therefore, it is also said that malaria still thrives so exponentially in Africa today simply because African population is less immune to the system, hence it is more sensitive to malaria threats (Reilly 878). Malaria seems to be a form of parasite that is used to living and surviving in harsh conditions. With this remark, it becomes clear as to why Africa still sees an intermittent rise in the threat of Malaria. This is because Africa is hot and damp in most parts of the continent. Hot and damp locations are the perfect spots for malaria to fully develop and Africa serves as a secular and attainable home for the malaria parasites. The world's highest temperature measured is 57.8 °C (136 °F) recorded at El Azizia, Libya on September 13, 1922 and Debundscha, Cameroon is Africa's wettest place, averaging 10,287 millimeters (405 inches) of rain a year (Murasken 3). These areas are highly susceptible to malaria for people leaving in

Malaria is a detriment to the country of Africa and after much research I have found a plethora of information on the malaria epidemic on Africa and how truly devastating it is. Throughout this research paper I will touch on everything related to malaria in Africa including economic to personal problems that may relate to the state of the country. In the first paragraph I will go into depth on when this outbreak began and the whereabouts of its origin. Also If anyone is to blame for this horrid plague like virus that has spread throughout many poor countries life africa. Then I will dive into more in depth issues connecting malaria to the conditions in Africa.

Malaria is killer number one in Africa (IRIN, 2012). In Kenya, it is the leading cause of indisposition and it kills almost 34,000 children less than 5 years annually (USAID, 2012). Even though

Malaria is a life-threatening disease that is caused by plasmodium parasites transmitted from female mosquitos when they bite a human. The plasmodium parasite can also be transmitted by blood products like unclean needles or unscreened blood. There are five parasite species (Plasmodium, falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae) that cause malaria in humans, and two of these species, P. falciparum and P. vivax, are the greatest threat (see Figure 1). The severity of malaria is based on the species of plasmodium. The symptoms people experience include chills, fever, and sweating usually occurring within a few weeks after being bitten. In the United States, it is a very rare disease with fewer than 20,000 cases per year, and is treatable by a medical professional. However, Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 88% of malaria cases and 90% of malaria deaths. P. falciparum is the most prevalent parasite on the African continent and is responsible for most malaria-related deaths globally. P. vivax is more widely distributed than P. falciparum and predominates in most countries outside of Africa. In the 1970s and 1980s, resistance of P. falciparum started in medicines, such as chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Drug resistance has been implicated in the spread of malaria to new areas and re-emergence of malaria in areas where the disease had been eradicated. Population movement has introduced resistant parasites to areas previously free of drug resistance. Resistance is

Where malaria disease is found depends mainly on climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, and rainfall. The main areas where malaria disease is found are; Africa, Madagascar, India and South America. Malaria is transmitted in tropical and subtropical areas, where the host mosquito, of the genus Anopheles, is able to survive and multiply. There are approximately 430 Anopheles mosquito species, only 30 to 40 of which transmit the malaria parasite.

Malaria, a mosquito-borne infectious disease of humans, is a global burden which is commonly seen in sub-Saharan Africa and South- East Asian regions. It affects people living in the malaria-prone areas and lower socio-economic statuses. However, children under 5 years old are particularly susceptible to malarial illness and its complications. In 2015, an estimated rate of 438,000 mortality rates was reported due to malaria.3 Thus, the recent rise in malarial disease is a global concern that needs to be addressed. More effective vector control methods and increase availability of anti-malarial drugs for malaria- prone regions must be implemented.

Malaria is a serious disease caused by a parasite. Infected mosquitoes spread it. Malaria is very common throughout the world. In the United States, the main risk is to persons traveling to tropical and subtropical countries where malaria is a problem. There are four different types of malaria caused by four related parasites. The most deadly type occurs in Africa south of the Sahara Desert. The symptoms characteristic of malaria include fever, chills, muscle aches, and headache. Cycles of chills, fever, and sweating that recur every 1, 2 or 3 days are typical. There can sometimes be vomiting, diarrhoea, coughing and yellowing (jaundice) of the skin and whites of the eyes. The treatment for malaria depends upon the geographic area where a person has been infected with the disease. Different areas of the world have malaria types that are resistant to certain medications.

Not only that, Malaria is endemic in more than 100 countries around the world, mainly in sub-Sahara Africa and Asia. The marshlands of coastal southern and eastern England had

Malaria is a tropical disease which is prevalent in countries across the equator, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. It is spread by Anopheles mosquitoes (infected with plasmodium), which bite the host and inject the malaria parasite (plasmodium) into the blood of the host. [1] After this the parasite travels to the liver where it reproduces. Then it re-enters the bloodstream and reproduces and multiplies inside the red blood cells, as a result of this the infected red blood cells burst, releasing parasites into the blood. The infected red blood cells burst within two to three days of being infected, this causes fevers, fatigue and headaches. The symptoms of malaria can range from diarrhoea and sweating to muscle pains, anaemia due to the loss of red blood cells and even death.

Malaria is a fever based disease caused by a microscopic parasite that is carried by a vector mosquito. An estimated 247 million cases of malaria occur annually and result in about 1-3 million deaths per year, majority of which are children under the age of 5 (1). In 2010, Malaria caused an estimated 219 (range 154–289) million cases and 660 000 (range 490 000–836 000) deaths of which 80% of the cases and 90% of the deaths were from Africa while the rest were in the South-East Asia and Eastern Mediterranean Regions (2). Plasmodium which is the disease causing organism (DCO) is a genus of a parasitic protozoon in the phylum apicomplexa. This parasite has 2 hosts; a mosquito vector, which is also its definitive host and a vertebrate host, in this case a human which is their intermediate host. Five species of Plasmodium cause malaria in humans: P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, P. falciparum, and the zoonotic monkey malaria parasite P. knowlesi. Of these, P. falciparum causes severe morbidity and mortality mainly in sub-Saharan Africa (2). The plasmodium parasite is transmitted by a female