Russia Vs China

Russia began its reform with political liberalization, and many believe that Russia’s failure was partly due to focusing on political reform first and they should have begun with economic reforms which China had done. This lead to political turmoil so severe that in 1989-1993 workers were politically neutralized and unable to stop Yeltsin’s liberal market reforms. But, a small group of oligarchs helped to

The United States and Russia have been battling off pernicious factions menacing the stability of their democracies over the years. Russia has come a long way over the past century, enduring a number of different phases that have completely desecrated any power Russia may have had paralleled to the rest of the world. The United States, however, has been evolving into a prosperous world power that has led to new respect from many other nations. Both Russia and the United States have struggled in the past at maintaining a significant amount of cultural commitment to preservation of specific aspects of their respective democracies. Having a relatively new democracy, Russian citizens have different perceptions and expectations of government from those of United States citizens. With new liberties and freedoms, Russians are struggling to grasp the concept of capitalism and participation in government. In order to preserve strong features of democracy, such as the right to vote or freedom of speech, a country 's constituents must respect and positively view their government. They must have faith in that the government is working for their best interests. Physically, the United States and Russia have been impacted greatly by their geography. Historically, the backgrounds of Russia and the United States are of stark contrast. Traditionally, Russians have a difficult time believing in the stability of their government as it has changed a number of times.

China has always been renowned for being successful in the domains of science and arts, however in previous decades, China has been ravaged by famines, civil discomfort and foreign outsourcing. China was consumed by this injustice until well after the Second World War when Mao Zedong introduced Communism adapted from the U.S.S.R, and created an autocratic socialist system which imposes firm constraints upon the Chinese social, political and economic system. It wasn't until the 1980's China's following leader Deng Xiaoping who focused focused on developing China into a

Whenever people think of communism, Russian SFSR (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) and China, as two biggest communist polity, always come to people’s mind first. Likewise, at any time people mention authoritarianism, they will never miss the two biggest authoritarian regimes: Russia (Russian Federation) and China. The former, with the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991, the world’s first and largest communist polity and the prime facilitator of communist political system came to an end, which creates the modern Russia Federation, a country that still persists in authoritarianism but applies democratic political system and constitution. The latter, after experience multiple destructive invasions and humiliating

Gay rights has been an issue that has been controversial for decades, although it was never discussed until now. Society has changed over the last years, in fact it has changed so much in the past 20 years; with that said race, drugs, and sexuality are still the main factors in modern times. Not only does this subject affect America, but also other countries, they are just silent about it. We really don’t hear about any misconduct toward gays in other countries, besides Russia. The gays want their rights in America and Russia, they are speaking out and they will be heard. LBGT, Lesbian, Bisexual, Gay, Transgender, are not only fighting for their rights and equality, but to ban discrimination all around the world. Russia is more anti-gay and more extreme than America, they’d let extremist take advantage of homosexuals. Since Russia’s government strongly implements that being gay is wrong and will do anything to keep that mindset. America on the other hand is more towards equality for the LBGT, they’ve spoken out to demand the same rights as everyone else, slowly the LBGT in Russia are setting their foot down and want the freedom to walk the down the street with their loved ones and not be targeted. Russia and America have a different way of handling gay rights, and handling them as a whole. The battle of the gays has been going on for decades.

The Russian state has been characterized by its strong heritage of powerful, autocratic leadership. This domination by small ruling elite has been seen throughout Russia's history and has transferred into its economic history. Throughout the Russian czarist period, to the legacy of seventy years of communism; Russia has been a country marked by strong central state planning, a strict command economy and an overall weak market infrastructure (Goldman, 2003). Self-interest, manipulation and corruption have all been present in the Russian economy, and have greatly helped the few as opposed to the many. To this day, Russia still struggles with creating a competitive and fair market.

Nationalist sentiment against Western reform in Russia prevented a steady and proper implementation of capitalism. After the dissolution of the Soviet

As for the government, the Russian economy has been a wild roller coaster ride, The Soviet economy in the 1970’s and 1980’s seemed to be one of the most political units in the world. They were strong and just seemed to be getting stronger. Although, the Soviet Union did not have major problems like lack of incentives for productivity. The workers were not working and the bosses were not paying and it turned into lack of productivity. They struggled with the economy considering they had to split into 15 different countries.

Russia and China face many similar challenges in their transitions to market economies. Both countries have extremely large populations and huge landmasses. They also both are autonomous countries that have experienced thousands of years of autocracy. Historically being land empires in the center of Eurasia, they developed strong central state legacies with distinct identities, cultures, and legitimacies. As former command socialist economies, establishing a market capitalist system was a daunting task for both Russia and China. The nations had to attempt to invent the process throughout transition. They must establish property rights, establish banking systems, deal with inflation, and overcome ideological antipathy towards capitalism. Considering the similar factors and conditions both nations dealt with creates for interesting comparison and contrast in analyzing the causes of China’s successes and Russia’s failures in transitioning to a market economy. In this paper, I will compare and contrast the role of property rights in the economic transitions of Russia and China through an analysis of the states’ approaches to transformation and the role of the states throughout reform.

Countries all around the world have different customs and beliefs and primarily have different types of governments. The United States is the home of free enterprise and domestic tranquility with the type of democracy it has set up to allow it’s citizens to roam the streets in peace and not have to worry about their civil duties to be taken advantage of; other countries like the Republic of China have a political system completely opposite of the one established and adapted by the United States. China is known to be a controlling government and is established to follow communism. Where the government is really in control of everything restricting people to jobs, labor and food. Countries who follow communism believe that being in control

The eventual demise of Communism in the USSR was a direct consequence of the Soviet Union’s failure to adapt to the changes occurring in the world during the 1920’s to the 1940’s. Unlike Communist China, the USSR failed to place economic growth ahead of political reform. In this regard, Russia was unsuccessful in establishing a national identity and in instituting a stable government through popular consent of its people. Moreover, Communist Russia failed to create a national identity, ignoring the multitude of ethnic minorities existing in the USSR. Arguably, the future stability of the two previously conventional Communist countries, will reflect their ability to develop a market economy, establish a stable government, and be recognized and involved on a global scale.

China in turn learned from the mistakes of the Soviet Union. They kept the party in tact in order to keep the wishes of the people in

Soviet Union/Russia – The Mikhail Gorbachev Government, in 1991, banned the currency note of Ruble 50 and 100 in Soviet Union in an attempt to end and render valueless the huge amounts of black money that had amassed among the corrupt in the country. The government towards it final moments expected that the implementation of this said plan will decrease the market of black money substantially and give a proper life to common people. The reform failed to halt inflation, and instead served mainly to accelerate a slide in public confidence in the government. As political infighting combined with economic collapse, Gorbachev faced a coup attempt that August which destroyed his authority and led to the Soviet break-up the following year. In the subsequent years however progress in stabilization did not lead to a widely expected rapid expansion of wholesale markets based on the cash Ruble. The share of economic transactions and budget based operations in money surrogates and barter increased sharply despite all efforts by the government towards its prevention, along with specialized non-cash intermediary organizations, a fragmentation of markets, and an elaborate differentiation of prices for the same commodities according to type of transaction. As opposed to the past, when barter prices were commonly decreased below cash prices as a means of tax avoidance, average non-cash prices have become significantly higher than their cash counterparts. This created a problem in the

Modern Ukraine went through many periods of turmoil caused by the conflicts between Russia and surrounding countries, before establishing itself as a country in 1991. Ukraine, for a large part of its history, was divided into two territories: the Left-bank and Right-bank. Russia took control over the Left-bank in 1667, and the Right-bank controlled by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1654. Later, Austria took control over certain areas of Ukraine, dividing the lands after the Partitions of Poland between Russia, Prussia, and Austria.

The USSR had experienced two decades of stability under Brezhnev, but this era was coupled with rising corruption and weighty foreign policy issues like the US arms race and the invasion of Afghanistan. Contrasting economic preconditions of the movement toward market based models also influenced patterns of change and development in Russia and China at the end of the 20th century. For example, by the close of the 1980’s, Russia stood as a seasoned industrial power with a sizeable, well educated, urban labor force. Militarily, it was on par with the United States and had developed a strong presence in science and technology development. Contrastingly, when China began its own transition - almost a decade earlier, at the end of the 1970’s - its economy was still predominantly rooted in agriculture. 80% of the nation’s population (as compared with 15% for Russia) consisted of uneducated agrarian peasantry, and the country had little stake in industry or scientific innovation. In the wake of the soviet state’s collapse, Russia faced a dropping population and a deficit of available labor, while China’s population was considered very large relative to its productivity. Though these demographic factors allowed for cheaper, more readily available labor in China, Russia vastly outstripped China in terms of natural