Ruth Jhabvala 's First Novel

Mahasweta Devi’s short story, “Giribala,” is about the life of Giribala, a girl of Talsana village located in India. Born into a caste in a time when it was still customary to pay a bride-price, Giri is sold to Aulchand by her father. From this point on, we see a series of unfortunate, tragic events that take place in Giri’s life as a result of the circumstances surrounding Giri’s life. There are many issues in Giri’s life in India that Devi highlights to readers. First, the economic instability of the village leads to an extremely poor quality of life for the lower, working classes. Next, the cruel role of women determined by men in society is to either satisfy the sexual desires of men or to reproduce offspring who can work or be sold off to marriages. There are also other social norms and beliefs which discriminate against women that will be discussed.

Teresa looks down upon Amalia because her moral values don’t consist of remaining faithful to a man that can provide for her no matter what she has to endure to keep a relationship. Teresa is partially the cause of the psychological effects Amalia is haunted by from her past. When Amalia tells her mother Teresa that she was raped by Salvador; whom would later become her first husband, Teresa doesn’t believe that her daughter was raped and forces Amalia and Salvador to marry. Teresa often flaunts her religion to Amalia by stubbornly placing her statue of La dolorosa, the Mother of Sorrows in a visible place in Amalia’s home. Teresa puts down Amalia and criticizes her life decisions and parenting skills. Teresa’s constant disapproval contributes to the psychological effects that lead to Amalia’s bad sense of life priorities.

Her children can’t relate to being an immigrant like Ashima. As stated in the novel “For being a foreigner, Ashima is beginning to realize, is a sort of lifelong pregnancy – a perpetual wait, a constant burden, a continuous feeling out of sorts. It is an ongoing responsibility, a parenthesis in what had once been ordinary life, only to discover that that previous life has vanished, replaced by something more complicated and demanding.” (Lahiri) The only one who can understand her life-long burden is her husband, but the weight of her children never understanding stays with her. And as her children grow up and Ashoke passes away I think that she grows to understand that there are other aspects more important in life than whether or not your children marry someone from your own culture, or if you have a Christmas tree at your house. “For the sake of Gogol and Sonia, they celebrate, with progressively increasing fanfare, the birth of Christ, an event the children look forward to far more than the worship of Durga and Saraswati.”

While Usha had one experience living in America, her mother, Aparna, had a very different one than her daughter. From Usha's perspective, Aparna is viewed as a traditional Bengali mother. She cooked, she cleaned and cared for her family. She was a house wife, chosen to marry a man she didn't love and raise a child as evidence of the arrangement. She was unsettled by the

Culture can have a large effect on our daily lives, and can shape our thoughts and behaviors. The society an individual surrounds themselves in influences their decisions. It affects how they perceive themselves, their personal identity and reach their personal life goals. In the novel, The Secret Daughter, Shilpa Somaya Gowda explores the significant impact of social culture on the individual. It is evident through the experience of two women born into two different cultures, Kavita in India and Somer in America, and through the life of Asha, an Indian child adopted into an American home. The author uses these examples to show how different cultures contrast, and change an individual 's thinking and perspectives.

Although every caste in the World State is meticulously conditioned to accept the hand they are given, there are still many citizens who are dissatisfied with the quality of life available to them in society. Knowingly or unknowingly, these outliers reject their conditioning and strive for something more, whether it be adversity, danger, or passion.

Hiro and Hanna will marry soon, but they have some issue between their decision. Hiro’s mother wants to come to the United States to live with her son. On the one hand,Hiro has grown up more comfortable with American life;on the other hand, he has appreciated the great freedom of choice than the restrictions based on traditions. Hiro’s mother is a tradition Japanese person that she wants to live with Hiro and his fiance, especially Hiro is her only child. Hana,being American, doesn’t want to live with Hiro’s mother. Why they have chosen to talk to each other on last hour. If Hiro and Hana have conversation about Hiro’s mother wants to live with them before they have decided to marry, it will be more easier.You also know in Japenese tradition,

Such is the case of Radha, for whom marriage was the only way to recuperate her family's good name after her affair, as well as the only way to avoid becoming a spinster that nobody would ever want to socialises with because of her damaged reputation. Such is also the case of Ashima who married a man she did not even pretend "to be in love with. She married yet resenting her husband for having married her and making her live a life she would not have chosen herself. She just weighed the odds and accepted. Being an old maid was not an option anyone could choose, rather a destiny that was advisable to avoid at any cost.

In this novel, what the reader learns about the culture of the society is that men are the most important in the family. From an early age, little girls are taught to be submissive to men. Arranged marriages are common, as in Lakshmi’s case, she was promised to marry a boy whom she has never met before, whom she refers to as “the boy with the sleepy cat eyes”. The uncertainty of Lakshmi’s future is common for many girls as poverty often drives the mother or father of the young Nepali girls to sell them to wealthy families as a last resort. The girls are sold to wealthy families in urban India work as “maids,” but the actuality is that the young girls are sold unwittingly into prostitution. The girls are told they will work until they pay

Growing up as a Hindu it was engraved in my mind that there was an unwritten rule that one must not marry outside their caste. However, in the oral, as we indulged on the idea of Gabriel Garcia Marquez criticizing the foundation of the caste system, I started to confront my culture’s basis for castes.

Although there is castes in which everyone is separated there is some quality which is necessary in all societies. The repetition of lies is told to everyone to make it look like a functioning society instead of the corrupt reality.This illustrates the power of the rules and beliefs embedded in their minds since birth. This leads to the message of the use of human conditioning and how although

Prior to the ending, Amrith corrected his issues with his “fake” family and blood related family, comprising of Niresh and his dead mother. Finally, Amrith is even rewarded with a gift, that I will explain later, which seems realistic as opposed to Amrith and Niresh magically falling in love during the last chapter.

The caste system, which was evolved throughout 1612-1947 due to British colonisation, supresses the majority of India’s citizens through a rigid, hereditary social hierarchy; this is especially evident to the 180 000 000 citizens trapped as Dalits, commonly known as Untouchablesheyya. Balram uses simple allegories to describe to Western Readers how the oppressed castes are “the flesh and organs of a recently chopped up chicken”heyya. Therefore it is evident how Balram uses the image if a rooster coop to represent how Indians are trapped and exploited through their castes. There is a lack of freedom for citizens, as any movement to step out of their caste leads not only to the punishment of the individual, but also to the punishment of their relations. This strict rule of government has created fear within India, “They do not rebel. They do not try to get out of the coop”heyya. Up to this point, it is possible for readers to neglect the correlation between the roosters and the citizens of India. Adiga works to display the oppression of the chickens, as “the same thing is done with human beings”heyya. The imagined allegory, which before was nothing more than a concise metaphor, is now directly used to represent the reality of India’s caste oppression. However, it is important to note that Balram does not fully criticize this theory, as he believes the lower classes

A seed of love starts geminating in her heart. She goes to the club not with her father but with Richard and feels quite cheerful and smiling. A gift from Richard becomes more meaningful to her. His absence makes her uneasy as a chameleon in summer. To be in the company of Richard becomes a pleasure in itself. She shows her immensity of her heart in loving him. It is in the roots of Indian culture that when one loves, loves whole-heartedly and devotedly. Love or duty, if there is one option to choose out of these two, surely a traditional woman will opt for duty sacrificing love. Country becomes more important than her love and she sacrifices it for the sake of performing her duty. She opts for the traditional

People are neither inferior nor superior and should have the freedom to express their authentic selves without fear of being negatively judged.These rules are violated only when powerful elite believe that they can rule over the masses. 1984 is a work of fiction, providing a stark view of the thriving culture of totalitarianism, symbolizing as a reflection of modern fact in the USA and the world today. The Freedom of Speech has become so restricted that the only one source of news is operated by the governing body; whereas Kamala Markandaya writes about changing economic and political situations in her country, her novel which was published in 1954 - seven years after India gained its independence from the British Imperialism. Industrial revolution lured Indians away from their traditional roles to participate in the new economy. She emphasis on issues like the importance of Freedom of Rights alongside the importance of goodness and spirituality.The poor suffer at the hands of the strong but some of them understand that knowledge is a powerful tool for change, and redefine the dishonor, repudiates their caste and crosses their skin color difference. In both novels, people struggle for their rights. Whether it’s a patriarchal society in which the right to property and right to make important decisions rests with the eldest male members of the society as in Nectar in a Sieve or in 1984 where woman are defined in a role of nurturer, procreate and espionage. Although 1984