Ryan Hurley Autism

To understand the etiology of Autism one must understand that Autism belongs to a group of developmental disabilities that have been identified as Autism Spectrum Disorders. The name "spectrum” indicates that the disorder is broad and it affects each individual differently. Autism Spectrum Disorder commonly referred to as (ASD) encompass delays in the development of many basic skills. These delays in development include but are not limited to: limited or inability to properly socialize or establish relationships with others, effective communication skills, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Individuals with Autism may also have (ID) intellectual disabilities,

higher in boys than girls. People have started to be more aware of autism and its symptoms to get

The population being discussed are children and adolescents with autism. What once used to be considered a rare disorder is now a common diagnosis and is well known in the community. Statistics coming from the Centers for Disease control now “identify around 1 in 88 American children” as having autism spectrum disorder with the disorder more commonly being diagnosed in boys ("What is autism?" ). This does not mean that the actual occurrence rates have gone up, it just means that today we are better able to diagnose the disorder and there is increasing awareness. Although not many, there are some risk factors for autism that have been identified. These include gender, family history and those with other medical conditions such as Tourette’s syndrome and epilepsy ("Autism:risk factors," 2012).

Many of us have heard about Autism, also knows as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Some have a family member, a friend, or know someone who has ASD. Increasingly it is becoming a more common disability. “Autism is one of the fastest-growing developmental disorders in the U.S” (Autism Speaks). Autism has no respect for gender, race, social class and or ethnicity. “Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder that involves abnormal development and function of the brain.” (Autism Center of Excellence) People who have autism have a lot of difficulties with social skills, communication and also will develop behavior issues. These behavior problems of an individual with autism can vary at times and can go from mild to severe. According to the Autism Science Foundation it says,” Many people with the Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) also have unusual ways of learning, paying attention, and reacting to different sensations. The thinking and learning abilities of people with ASD can vary—from gifted to severely challenged.” The causes and symptoms, as well as the diagnosis, and the treatments of autism vary.

Fombonne, E. (2000,November, 20). Is there an epidemic of autism? Pediatrics, Retrieved January 20, 2008, from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/107/2/411?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=eric+fombonne&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT

Autism according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary is defined as “a variable developmental disorder that appears by age three and is characterized by impairment of the ability to form normal social relationships, to commutate with others, and by stereotyped behavior patterns.” Autism was believed to be a psychiatric or emotional illness, and doctors told mothers that they were the cause. They were wrong. The cause for autism is still a mystery, however, the facts remain that autism in children is on the rise. Erin Allday of the San Francisco Chronicle writes, “Environmental factors play a more important role in causing autism than previously assumed and, surprisingly, an even larger role than genetic.” There are theories based on that

“Autism is a disorder that affects about 1-88 children. It has an effect on the person, the family, and society. Autism has become a huge part in fundraising and most people heard about autism awareness, but do most people know what autism is and what causes it? “Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined by dysfunction of social interaction, communication and stereotypical behavior and sensory integration problems. It is a neuro-developmental disease, which is the result of a homeostatic imbalance in the body, such as an altered Neuro -homeostasis (Breitenkamp, A. S.,

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by the early-onset inability to engage in social interaction, communication, and restricted, repetitive behavior. It is commonly known to be a developmental disorder. Genetics, in conjunction with developmentally early environmental factors, play a key role in the causation of autism. Studies show that autism is more prevalent in males than females, although there is not much difference in individuals with intellectual disability. Because atypical development is now being recognized early in toddlers, children are now frequently diagnosed at the age of 2 years and last into adulthood, although symptoms may improve over time. A wide range of health care providers are the first professionals to

"According to the National Survey of Children’s Health, one in 91 American children has an autism spectrum disorder."(Whitaker). In addition, "Thirty years ago, it was one in 2,500. Rates of other neurological and immunological disorders affecting children have skyrocketed as well."(Whitaker). Since then what has happened

In 1992, about one in every one hundred fifty children were diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (The College of Physicians of Philadelphia) and after that study, numbers began to climb. As of 2016, a study reported one in every sixty-eight births were diagnosed with autism (“What Is Autism?”). Many people have linked the significant increase in diagnosis to the increased amount of vaccines infants receive. No scientific evidence proves vaccines cause autism, but parents still do not vaccinate their children which can lead to detrimental effects. Although, people believe that autism is caused by vaccines, most people who believe this do not know what autism is.

Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD, is defined by the Mayo Clinic as a negative effect on a child’s ability to be able to communicate and interact with others due to the negative effects of a neurodevelopment disorder. Along with the following communication and interaction issues Autism Spectrum Disorder is also associated with restricted repetitive behaviors, interests, and activities all have been shown to cause impairment in social, occupational, and other functioning areas (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Included in the qualification of having Autism Spectrum Disorder are a number of different disorders such as autism, Asperger’s syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder (Mayo Clinic, 2014). Recently until May of 2013 all of the previously stated disorders were in their own category but in May or 2013 the DSM-5 diagnostic manual placed them under the classification of Autism Spectrum Disorder (Autism speaks, 2016). About 1 in 68 children are diagnosed with ASD which is why it is important to public health for people to have knowledge of the signs and symptoms as well as how to treat the different forms of ASD because there has not been a cure found yet for it (NIMH, 2016). Autism Spectrum Disorder has been see to be more prevalent in boys rather than girls, boys are diagnosed 1 in 42 and girls are diagnosed 1 in 189, both of these numbers fall into the 1 in 68 children who are diagnosed in the United States. Within the last 40 years there has

The majority of people in America are affected by autism in some way. A study done by Dr. Russell L. Blaylock in 2008 says, “In the early 1980s, the incidence of children diagnosed with an ASD was about 1 in 10,000 children. By 2005, the incidence had leaped to about 1 in 250 and today it is more than 1 in 150 and appears to be still climbing…” even in the past ten years, the number of autistic children has grown. There is no ignoring this fact. This significant rise in autism can be attributed to an increase in vaccinations, diagnostic substitution, and wireless phones.

The etiology of autism is as yet unknown and the phrase Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is used to encompasses a range of autistic disorders (Cheslack-Postava and Jordan-Young, 2012). ASD is a common neurodevelopmental syndrome and an umbrella term for a group of heterogeneous disorders, differentiated by pervasive difficulties, and impaired development, with area such as social communication, flexibility, social reciprocity and sensory processing (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Bargiela et al., 2016; Cheslack-Postava and Jordan-Young, 2012; Haney, 2015; Maenner et al., 2014). Recent research into ASD has emphasised, how women with autism, are at higher risk of being misdiagnosed, receiving a late diagnosis, or not

In recent times, autism has gained attention because of the large scope of the problem. One of the most well-known facts about autism is it occurs in all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds (CDC). While researching about autism there were not many aspects that hindered my research. However, there was one source that had a negative connotation and had a small effect on the credibility of other sources. Volkmar, Chawarska, and Klin wrote a paper that stated: “information on autism in infants and very young children is limited.” Furthermore, the report also said “Delays in diagnosis were common and a diagnosis often was not made until age 4.) (Siegel et al. 1988, as cited in Volkmar et al. 2005, pg. 315-316). These statements produced uncertainty with my research, but the other sources outweighed those

Researchers and doctors have been trying their hardest to find a cause for autism, but so far there has not been one (“Autism Spectrum Disorder”). Many families may show patterns of autism or they may show patterns of other related disorders (“Autism Spectrum Disorder”). This supports a theory that autism has a genetic basis (“Autism Spectrum Disorder”). The cause for ASD is not known, but researchers believe that both genetics and environment has an important role (“Autism Spectrum Disorder”). Somethings found in autistic people are that boys are more likely to be diagnosed than girls, they have a sibling with ASD, they have older parents (around the age 35 or older), and 20% of them have certain genetic conditions: like Down syndrome (“Autism