S. Columoniae Lab Report

The following tests according to the lab manual were performed: gram stain, fermentation tubes, methyl red, vogues proskauer, sulfur, indole, motility and growing it up on MacConkey agar. The gram stain was performed incorrectly the first time. This is because the decolorizer was not on the bacterium slide for long enough, giving a false outcome.

If feeding efficiency and reproduction have a direct correlation, and a population started with equal proportions of individuals with each of three feeding types, metal spoon, metal knife, and plastic fork, the frequency of the population with metal spoons as their feeding structure will increase in the next generation. While the frequency of metal knifes and plastic forks will decrease. Furthermore, since the organisms with the metal spoon feeding structure have a higher fitness level, this population will evolve by natural selection to a point where the metal spoon phenotype will be in abundant. While the organisms with metal knifes and plastic forks phenotypes will decrease in frequency due to the lack of reproduction. Eventually, if this population persist overtime, most of the organisms, if not all, will have the metal spoon phenotype, while very few, if not any, will have the metal knife or the plastic fork phenotype.

I learned that anaerobic is an organism or tissue that is living in the absence of air or oxygen while aerobic is involves the organism or tissue receiving and requiring air. Furthermore I learned about the anaerobic cellular respiration that uses an electron acceptor rather than oxygen to complete metabolism using electron transport-based chemiosmosis. Also in this reading I learned about fermentation which is an anaerobic process in which energy can be released from glucose even though oxygen is not available.

pneumoniae were EMB, Oxidase, Citrate, Gelatin, Glucose, Lactose, SIM, Methyl Red, vogues Proskauer and phenylalanine. The start of the Biochemical test consisted of inoculation on regular nutrient agar and incubating for 48 hours. After incubation, gram staining was done to identify the bacterium as either gram positive or negative along with the shape of the bacterium using a microscope. The bacterium was then inoculated on EMB based on the identification of it being gram negative. After the inoculation on EMB, Oxidase, Citrate, Gelatin, Glucose, Lactose, SIM, Phenylalanine, and MR-VP were inoculated and incubated for 5 days. The results of each biochemical were observed and

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is and has been a major health problem here in the U.S. This disease mostly affects young children and the elderly 65. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacteria causing pneumonia, this bacterium has over 90 different stereotypes and is extremely hard to pin point the different mutating strains. Pneumonia is contracted from inhalation of droplets; any one coughing or sneezing around your area and carrying the virus can pass it along to you fairly easy. Pneumonia is an upper respiratory infection that causes the lungs to be inflamed and fill the alveoli (air sacs) with fluids causing lack of oxygen to the red blood cells. The most common test for S. pneumoniae is the optichin sensitivity with an optichin

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram negative bacterium so gram staining of the sputum would be a good place to eliminate all the gram positive bacterium.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a gram-positive bacteria that is a facultative anaerobe. This strain of bacteria can cause five different bacterial diseases. Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause pneumonia (an infection of the lungs), otitis media (an infection of the middle ear), sinus infections, bacteremia (an infection of the bloodstream), and meningitis (an infection of the covering around the brain and spinal cord). The most common disease it causes is pneumonia called pneumococcal pneumonia (Travelers' Health). Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that causes the lungs to fill with fluid. This makes it difficult to breathe causing less oxygen to go to the bloodstream making this

Streptococcus pneumonia is a pathogen with a niche in the upper respiratory tract of the human that has a two component signaling system. The two component signaling system has CPS accumulate extracellular to the cell, CPS eventually binding to the comD receptor, which stimulates auto-phosphorylation of comE, the response regulator(1). This is a strictly fermenting microbe that tolerates oxygen’s presence, also known as an aerotolerant pathogen (3). This microbe ferments glucose, a sugar, into lactic acid, in the lactic acid fermentation cycle. It also can ferment other sugars like sucrose or fructose. 20% of the strains that are clinical samples only grow anaerobically (3). When placed in the proper multifaceted medium S. pneumonia can replicate in 20-30 minutes. Since there are some many strain of streptococcus with different sugar branches it makes the microbe hard to be overcome by antibiotics (3).

Streptococcus Pneumoniae, more often called S. Pneumoniae or Pneumococcus, is a significant human pathogenic bacterium. A normal inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract, approximately 1 in 4 people carries the bacteria asymptomatically. Education on what illnesses the bacteria can cause, the signs and symptoms of the bacteria, who is the most at risk for infection along with how it is transmitted, and possible treatments are crucial to understanding the bacteria and helping to stop the spread.

Pneumonia refers to a common type of infection in the lung that can is cause by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Community acquire pneumonia is known to be the most popular type of all pneumonia that occur in individual outside of the hospital (McCance & Huether, 2014). The organism that causes the community acquire pneumonia are streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, Moraxella Catarrhalis, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila and influenza. Pneumonia can be classified as typical or atypical (Woo & Robinson, 2016)

Pneumococcus is the commonest cause of bacterial meningitis in adults in much of the world. There are more than 90 antigenically different serotypes of S pneumoniae as determined by the polysaccharide capsule; the target for all currently licensed vaccines (Mcgill et al. 2016).

The purpose of the gram stain test is to see if an organism is gram negative or gram positive based on it’s color and shape. Using an inoculating loop and inserting it into the incinerator for 10 seconds, it was sterilized. A small drop of water was then applied onto a clean glass slide by using the now sterile inoculating loop. The loop was used to spread the organism back and forth on the slide until a good portion of the glass is covered. The organism and water were left to dry completely before heat fixing the glass slide. After heat fixing, over a sink crystal violet was applied to the glass slide for one minute. It was then rinsed with water and iodine was applied for one minute. The slide was then rinsed with water and 95% ethanol was

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) also known as pneumococcus is an important commensal bacterium of global significance that represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The bacteria initially establish an asymptomatic infection in the nasopharynx of infected persons, a fundamental precursor for development of pneumococcal disease [1] and horizontal dissemination of the pathogen to other individuals within the community (2]. Transmigration of the bacteria across the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx results in spread of the bacteria and establishment of diseases. Infections caused by S. pneumoniae ranges from superficial and non-invasive infections of mucosal tissues of the upper respiratory tract (sinusitis and acute otitis media) to severe and life threatening, invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) such as sepsis, meningitis and bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Bacteremia is the most common form of IPD and therefore bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia is responsible for the majority of deaths due to pneumococcal infection [3, 4]. On a global scale pneumococcal infections are responsible for the death of 1.6 million people annually [4]. Young children, particularly in low-income countries, the elderly, the economically deprived as well as those with HIV/AIDS bear a disproportionate share of the disease burden. Children under the age of 5 years account for the majority of deaths with an estimate of 0.7 to 1 million deaths each

Causes: Bacteria is the most common cause in Pneumonia streptococcus in the USA .bacteria like organism virus, cause colds, flu, and fungi. Also referred to as alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe.

Streptococcus pneumoniae was discovered by Louis Pasteur in pneumonia patients in 1881. It is a gram positive coccus that forms short chains or more commonly, pairs and classified in its own genus, called “Diplococcus”. Streptococcus pneumonie is a pneumococcal pneumonia consists about 85 % of all cases of pneumonia. Around ninety two different strains of S. Pneumoniae, collectively called pneumococci, are known to cause harm on humans. Streptococcus pneumonia is a member of pharyngeal microbiota that can colonize the lungs, sinuses, and middle ear. They are round shaped, unpigmented grown for 24 hours. The Individual cells of streptococcus are between 0.5 and 1.25 mm in diameter. They are a fastidious bacterium.