S. Epidermidis Research Paper

Humans are a natural reservoir for S. aureus, and asymptomatic colonization is far more common than infection. Young children tend to have higher colonization rates, probably because of their frequent contact with respiratory secretions.

“You’re bubble wrap to my fingertips” is the second time in which he shows an unconvinced attitude (7). The imagery used in this line makes all readers think of the pleasant and enjoyable act of popping small plastic bubbles repeatedly with the fingers. So once again, the partner is described positively, as a pleasure. The final line of the second stanza presents an allusion of “winters sleep”, something that refers to the act of hibernation, comparing it to the “bee dance”, a series of quick movements performed by a bee to communicate with other bees (8). When you think of hibernation you think of a bear, and although they may be exciting at times, during the winter I don’t think I would use that word to describe them. In fact, the speaker uses the phrase “winters sleep” to describe the bride’s boringness and even laziness, while a bee, the groom in this case, is always exciting and active (8).

The Staphylococcus aureus bacteria belongs to the Staphylococcaceae family. It is small, round shaped, and non-motile. Staphylococcus aureus stains gram positive and can often be found in small clusters (Mandal, 2010). It often forms chains and is a large contributor of soft tissue infections. It is of a yellow color, hence the name ?aureus? which comes from the Latin term ?aurum? for gold (Orenstein, n.d.). Staphylococcus aureus is found in a few spots on the human body, such as the nasal passage, the skin, the oral cavity, and even the gastrointestinal tract. Staphylococci and Streptococci are two different strands of the bacteria and are very hard to distinguish from one another. In order to tell the difference between them, without a microscope, a catalase test needs to be performed. The test is undergone by adding 3% hydrogen peroxide to both samples. Since Staphylococci are catalase positive, meaning they produce catalase, they will produce O? while the Streptococci will not because Streptococci are catalase negative (Todar, n.d.).

Staph are common bacteria that are denizens of the human body. It is perfectly fine to carry staph; a lot of healthy people hold it within their bodies without being infected by it. Furthermore, one third of the population has staph bacteria in their noses. However, staph can rapidly become quite a problem if it manages to enter the body, usually through a cut, and cause an infection. Staph is one of the most popular causes of skin infections in the U.S. Most infections are minor, not fatal, and don’t require special treatment, but some can be disastrously life-threatening, creating festering wounds or pneumonia.

This strain of bacteria is a facultative anaerobic organism, which means that it can grow with or without oxygen. Staphylococcus epidermis grows well on nutrient agar dishes with a temperature of 37°C (modmedmicrobes.wikispaces.com).

The purpose of this experiment was to isolate and identify an unknown Staphylococcus species based on its morphological and biochemical profile (Alachi, 2006). The Staphylococcus genus consists of Gram-Positive bacteria, arranged in grape-like clusters. These species are common residents of the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. Majority of Staphylococci are catalase-positive, oxidase negative, aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, and non-motile. They are considered opportunistic pathogens and cause roughly 80% of suppurative skin diseases (e.g., boils). Many Staphylococci

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a gram positive bacteria, which means that there is a lot of peptidoglycan in its cell wall. Therefore, the antibiotics that target these types of bacteria will decrease the metabolism of the bacteria. When placed in an incubator overnight, the bacteria will grow colonies that are 1-2 millimeters in diameter (8). Over time, the bacteria might have been able to produce offspring that are resistant to some antibiotics, called mutations. These mutations make the antibiotic useless on the bacteria from then on and they were naturally selected because they were most fit for survival in the given conditions.

The most common pathogenic strains that cause wound infection is Staphylococcus aureus (35%), Escherichia coli (15%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13%) and other bacteria (37%) (Amit Kumar Gupta et al., 2015). In another study, Staphylococcus aureus has been reported as the major cause of wound infection with (24.2%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.4 %), Escherichia coli (14.8 %) and another different organism (39.6 %) (Jyoti Sangwan et al., 2016). Staphylococcus aureus (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is gram positive bacteria and can be a lethally opportunistic pathogen or human commensal, it is one of the leading organisms causing a variety of hospital-acquired infection and community acquired infection (Brown et al., 2014). S. aureus has

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive skin-dwelling commensal microorganism within the human microbiota. As a commensal, S. epidermidis may enhance cutaneous defense through elicitation of host immune responses by stimulating the innate immune system through toll-like receptors (TLRs) found on keratinocytes in the epidermidis [1]. Nevertheless S. epidermidis has the potential to become pathogenic especially in nosocomial or hospital-acquired infections by infecting immunocompromised individuals with medical devices like catheters and implants [1], [2]

After inoculating an agar plate with the bacteria taken from a phone screen in Durham during winter, various tests were performed to attempt to identify the organism’s genus. We hypothesized that the bacteria was a member of the Staphylococcus genus. The Gram Stain results indicate that the bacterium is either Gram negative, but the KOH test indicates a Gram-positive isolate. Upon further consideration, we decided that the bacterium is a Gram-positive destainer. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall composed of peptidoglycan. As expected, the Gas Pak and TSA stab results indicate that the bacterium cannot grow in the absence of oxygen. A motility stab indicated that the bacteria were motile. Motility provides an ability to change direction and move away from repellents and toward attractants. Thus, the microbe can avoid unfavorable conditions, and live longer. The positive lysine decarboxylase test indicates that the microbe can use the amino acid lysine as a source of carbon and energy for growth. First, the bacteria use glucose as its primary carbon source, which causes the pH to drop. The enzyme lysine decarboxylase degrades lysine to produce basic products. This change in pH is what causes the broth to turn purple again, a positive result. An endospore stain indicated that the bacterium does not produce spores under stress to protect the cells from dying. Spores are metabolically inactive and

The genus Streptococcus is classified as a gram positive bacteria because of the spherical or ovoid cells that often arranged in pairs and the color it turns too after undergoing the gram staining technique. Unlike the catalase positive genus Staphylococcus, Streptococcus is catalase negative (Fox). Many Streptococcus bacteria are known to be facultative anaerobes, meaning they prefer to grow in places that have no oxygen but will adjust to places that contain some oxygen (Holt, et al.). On the contrary, there are a handful of Streptococcus bacteria that are considered to be obligate anaerobes, meaning they are strictly prohibited from being around oxygen because they are unable to live. Growing this type of bacteria includes specific factors

Grams is the one women in my life that means more than the world to me. That beautiful, and kind women would be my grandma. Her name is Merilee Epler, and she is 70 years old. I call her “Grams”, because that's what she prefers to be called. Even my closest friends call her Grams. Grams enormously abhors being called grandma or Merilee by her family and loved ones. In my life, Grams is the most important person to me.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic Gram-positive bacterium that cause varied human diseases such as skin infection, pneumonia, Toxic Shock Syndrome and bacterimia. 1/2 As time passes by, resistance strains of S.A appeared and with the recent emerge of methicillin and vancomycin resistance strains, S.A treatment become a truly challenging task now. 3/4 Numerous strategies S.A adopt to help achieving its resistance abilities such as exoenzymes, exotoxins, surface associated adhesion and capsular polysaccharide (CP). 93

P. aeruginosa is the dominant pathogen in CF airways, although other microorganisms may play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of the disease(4). P. aeruginosa infects 80% of CF patients chronically by late adolescence(4). P. aeruginosa possesses a massive genetic diversity and numerous features that are responsible for its pathogenicity and enable it to persist in the environment(4). P. aeruginosa exists in the environment as a single motile bacteria; designated as “non-mucoid form” of the microorganism(4). As colonization proceeds, alteration of the growth pattern takes place; hence improving its survival capacity(4). In the “mucoid form”, P. aeruginosa grows forming complex multicellular mucosa attached aggregates (bacterial biofilm)

The release of two exotoxins from certain strains of S. aureus can lead to Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome (SSSS), which is characterized by blistering skin. Invasion into the body can lead to more serious health problems including pneumonia (a frequent complication of influenza), mastitis, phlebitis (inflammation of the veins), meningitis, and urinary tract infections. If the bacterium is allowed to colonize even deeper tissues more serious conditions such as osteomyelitis and endocarditis may result. The most serious consequences of these deeper tissue infections occur when the bacterium invades the bloodstream leading to septic shock and possibly death.