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S Invicta Research Paper

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Genus species- Solenopsis invicta Buren
Common Name- Red imported fire ant (RIFA)
Invasion Status- S. invicta is on the “100 of the World’s Worst Invasive Species” list, which is compiled by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG 2010) of the Species Survival Commission of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). A federal quarantine (Figure 1) has been placed on S. invicta for much of the southern United States being enforced by the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture (APHIS 2013).
History of invasion-
S. invicta, is an invasive nuisance that was first introduced from South America in the 1930s (Morrison et al. 2004). It is thought that S.invicta was first …show more content…

Updated estimates show the infestation now covers more than 128 million hectares in 13 states and Puerto Rico (Callcott 2002). As of 2001 S. invicta is also now established on the Caribbean Islands, New Zealand and Australia. Most recent infestations have been found in Taiwan and mainland China (Zeng et al. 2005).

Ecology and Natural History-
S. invicta has been shown to have two social forms, a monogyne and polygyne form. The monogyne system only contains one mating queen, while in the polygyne system there are multiple queens (Ross 1997). The two are distinguishable by genetic comparison of the Gp-9 locus. The polygene form is identifiable by all being heterozygotes (Bb) at the Gp-9 locus (Ross 1997). Both social forms have been shown to occur throughout the United States, although it is thought that the monogyne form is largely responsible for the initial invasion (Tschindel 1998). Mating flights are the common form of colony expansion and secondly budding can occur in which a portion of a colony becomes a self-sufficient unit. On average S. invicta will have six to eight mating flights a year occurring between the fall and

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