SPHE/RSE

Next comes the phase of violence, which is characterized by hitting, slapping, kicking, choking, the use of objects or weapons, verbal threats or abuse, and sexual abuse. The final phase that sets the individuals up for the cycle to continue is the honeymoon phase. The honeymoon phase is noted by calm and apologetic demeanor. The individuals tend to go through denial about the abusive behavior, come up with excuses, and make promises about future behavior. While it is important to know how professionals define dating violence, it is also pivotal that those in the helping professions also have an understanding of how the teens themselves view the violence that occurs in their relationships. According to one study teens define abuse according to the context, intent, and actual harm caused (O’Keefe, 2005). In another study teens actually reported that in situations where revenge, retaliation, or prevention of face loss was the reason for the abusive behavior, the violence was justified (Sears, Byers, Whelan, & Saint-Pierre, 2006, p 1197). In the same study individuals reported that they also took into consideration whether the act was a result of their partner “just kidding” or a demonstration of their caring for their partner. Not only do definitions of interpersonal violence vary across the board, but they also vary significantly between males and females. Males and females have very different views as to what the purpose of

As previously stated, children are greatly impacted by domestic violence. The article by Lewis et al. (2017) focuses on safeguarding children from domestic violence due to the negative impact that it has on their health. There is evidence of a correlation between domestic violence and a child being mistreated. The article discusses how health professionals feel they do not have enough training in domestic violence. They used a study called Researching Education to Strengthen Primary care on Domestic Violence and Safeguarding (RESPONDS) (Lewis et al., 2017). This study used a pre-test and a posttest to see if the participants gained knowledge from the training. The article explained that, “the training aimed to fill gaps in knowledge and practice

Incidents of IPV are known to include four basic types of behavior, including: Physical abuse, which is when a person either hurts or attempts to hurt their partner by physical force. Sexual abuse is the forcing of an intimate partner to take part in a sexual act without the consent of that partner. Emotional abuse is the act of threatening a partner, his or her possessions or loved ones, or the harming of a

Walter (1969) gave a comprehensive definition of violence as “destructive harm including not only physical assaults that damage the body, but also techniques of inflicting harm by mental or emotional means” (p. 24). However, in the context of intimate relationships, the definition of violence requires more aspects to be determined. The basic questions to be asked when defining domestic violence proposed by Hegarty, Sheehan, and Schonfeld (1999) in their article A Multidimensional Definition of Partner Abuse are 1) which relationships should be included as domestic? And 2) how should violence in domestic life be defined? To answer these questions, Hegarty et al. said that it is important to choose the appropriate definition that is most relevant to the purpose of the studies. Dutton (2006) defined domestic violence in his book Rethinking Domestic Violence as “any violence occurring between intimate partners (same sex or other sex, married or unmarried) and against children” (p. 3), but further said that he will only focus on intimate

How do you define, talk about, and understand domestic violence (DV) /interpersonal violence (IPV)? Ms. Latimore defines domestic violence as a pattern of physical, sexual, and/or psychological abuse or the threat of abuse used to get and maintain control over another person in a domestic setting. She says intimate partner violence (IPV) is violence in an intimate relationship by one spouse or a partner onto another spouse or partner. She says that no one ever knows that their relationship is going to become abusive from the beginning, as everything seems perfect during the early stages. She further states that controlling and possessive behaviors emerge as the relationship grows. Ms. Latimore concludes that although domestic violence may not look the same in every relationship, the one thing they all have in common is, the abusive partner wants power and control over his victim.

The reasoning behind focussing on domestic sexual violence is that despite the media’s portrayal of sexual violence being most commonly committed outside of the home, for example, campaigns depicting ‘stranger danger’ to children (Newiss, 2014). However, statistics from the Crime Survey for England and Wales show that an intimate partner committed 46% of serious sexual assault against females aged 16-59 (Home Office, 2014), whilst research by Smallbone and Wortley (2001) found that 69% of child sexual abuse occurred within the home.

What shocked me the most and opened my eyes was the study by Joanne Baker (2003) whereby students were nonchalant, and blaming the victims for not standing up for themselves. This study highlighted for me the lack of impact that past and current campaigns, and programs against violence have had on youth attitudes towards intimate partner violence (IPV) (Hines & Saudino, 2016; Baker,2003).

Before taking this course on family violence, I had an idea what was Intimate Partner Violence. I have always believed that Intimate partner violence involves only married couples. I had also thought that violence between a married couple consider the only force of using physical abuse only. Fortunately after reading about partner violence, I have learned that there was more than just one type of abuses. For example, I never thought that sexual abuse could happen between a couple. In addition, I learned that intimate partner violence does not consider only married partners but also partners who have same sex genders, and are unmarried.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d.) defines intimate partner violence (IPV) as a “serious, preventable public health problem that affects millions of Americans” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, n.d., p. 1). Through the group discussions we have had in class I have learned that IPV is not a “one fit all” approach, the violence occurs in different levels of severity and frequency. There are four

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pattern of aggressive behavior and coercive behavior that can include physical injury, psychological abuse, sexual assault, progressive isolation, stalking, and intimidation which may take many forms. IPV is a common and significant public health problem that is life threatening and preventable. It affects millions of women regardless of race, ethnicity, age, education, socioeconomic class, or sexual orientation. One in three women in the United States has experienced some form of IPV in their lifetime. (1)

The authors explained that Intimate Partner Violence or IPV is violent crimes committed against a person by a “current or former spouses, boyfriends, or girlfriends. (Morris, Shoffner, & Newsome, 2009) The statistics

Most relationships participant in sexual interactions and in this article, Sexual Aggression: The Dark Side Sexuality in Relationships by Scott Christopher and Jacqueline Pflieger examines how such sexual interactions can involve sexual aggression, which is when one individual uses coercive or assaultive tactics to furthermore achieve a sexual experience. This article states that sexual aggression can be defined as forcing an individual to take part in sexual interactions without his/her consent. They explained that there are several strategies used by the aggressors to attempt to fulfill their sexual desires while they are at the same time ignoring the others protestations. Some individuals feel that exerting physical violence; threatening, belittling or deceiving the partner is some of the forms of psychological and emotional abuse. By using these tactics, the partner who is not willing to engage in sexual interactions is faced with a conflict of rather performing the expected behaviors or feeling guilty, ashamed and incompetent.

Article #1 focused on how common the battering of men who had sex with other men (MSM) was and it’s characteristics. Furthermore, it identified and studied three types of battering, “Psychological/Symbolic Battering which was defined as having experienced at least 1 of the following: being verbally threatened, demeaned in front of others, ridiculed for his appearance, forced to get high or drunk, or stalked; or having property destroyed or damaged, Physical Battering which was defined as being hit with fists or an open hand, hit with an object, pushed or shoved, or kicked; or having something thrown at him, and Sexual Battering which was defined as having been forced to have sex” (Paragraph 8).

Lori B. Girshick, a Professor of sociology and women's studies at Warren Wilson College in North Carolina, states that we live in a society where "sexual violence is defined only in terms of male penetration and intercourse"(Griffin). If this is true then it is easy to see why our society has difficulty understanding the problem with the atypical types of relationship abuse.

Sexual violence against women is not a new phenomenon; it is as old as history. Sexual violence entails any unintentional sexual act in which the victim is coerced, threatened, or compelled to engage against their will (Taylor & Quayle, 2003). This is a matter that has historically attracted a great deal of attention from scholars and authorities owing to its growing prevalence and disastrous consequences to the victim, including physical, sexual, and psychological harm. The attention has even been greater in recent times since the phenomenon has taken a new form. With advancements in information and communication technologies (ICTs), new ways of perpetrating sexual violence against women have emerged (Eneman, Gillespie & Bernd, 2010).