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In the early days of computing, a hacker was primarily referred to as a computer guru, someone who is extremely technical with a high expertise in computer also known as “Expert Programmers”. Nevertheless, as technology is advancing at a face pace, hacking has adopted a completely different definition. The modern definition is someone who access a computer system primarily to steal or destroy information. Hacking has caused major harm in the realm of technology. Over the years, hackers have become much more lethal in their craft. They manage to break into complex information systems from entities such as banks, government agencies, and private businesses. Furthermore, they often manipulate their victims through social engineering in order to obtain financial benefits. Hackers hold different label such as: black hat hacker and white hat hacker in which all have their own motives.

Negative publicity of the company and loss of credibility in the eyes of existing and potential customers impacting overall business

The sharing of information may well be the most advanced activity of the twenty-first century occurring across ages and backgrounds with relative ease. Nevertheless, the use of information that is aired through the internet raises several genuine concerns regarding nature, intent, source, and destination as well as the consequences of the content. This is particularly true when the information has to do with people 's identities and other activities that may touch on critical aspects of national security and unauthorized business. As such, there is a mix of reactions among individuals regarding the extent of privacy they would like regarding information that they share or retrieve on the internet. While some may have genuine concerns such as protecting their identity, others are on malicious tracks to cover their person and conduct unwarranted business on the web. The mix of concerns led to the rise of the Dark Web on darknets. A darknet is an overlay network that utilizes the public Internet but requires authorization or special software to access mainly to protect the user’s identity and location from network surveillance and traffic analysis (Sui, Caverlee & Rudesill 2003). Such trends on the internet raise the question; is the Dark Web an important and necessary tool to offset pervasive online surveillance in contemporary society or is the moral panic surrounding the Dark Web in global news media justified? The aim of this research is to answer the raised question

The Facebook,Instagram, and Twitter social media sites with passwords that can be hacked no matter the “strength” of the password. Peter Ludlow effectively persuades using ethos,logos and pathos in the reading What is a ‘Hacktivist’? By talking about events that have happened to “Hacktivist” in the recent years due to “Lexical Warfare.” Lexical Warfare irs a phrase that I like to use for battles over a term is to be understood. When people think of hackers, the first thing to mind is people who sit on computers all day and steal information from everyone possible. The previous sentence provides an example of how people think of the word “hacker” because of what media tells people. It either gives them a good thought if you think “hacktivist” are doing right or unpleasing thought because it makes people feel unsafe since hackers can hack into whatever they please.

For example, they can shut down cell phone towers, cut power to trains, and turn off airport landing lights. In early October of this year, cyberattacks blocked access to very popular websites like Twitter, Netflix, and Amazon. They targeted such popular websites so that they could make the public known of their presence and what they can do. The author states, “It would be silent but enormously destructive. The two sides could block access to the Global Positioning System, disrupt air traffic control and electric grids, and block access to the internet or fill popular websites with propaganda - causing widespread chaos and fear.” In this passage, the author gives many examples of what these hackers are capable of. In conclusion, hacking and cyberattacks can be very destructive to all aspects of

Schrock attempts to disprove common misconceptions about civic hackers, by suggesting that civic hacking is a form of data activism and advocacy. Early definitions of civic hackers were froth with white hat imagery of tech-savvy geeks that worked with information technology tools to solve or challenge social and civic issues. This notion was met with both hype and cynicism, but ultimately through the modes of requesting, digesting, contributing, modeling, and contesting, civic hackers act as mediators between the government and its citizens. Early vilifying narratives of hackers helped support the idea of government secrecy, but the distinction that “the civic hacker’s institutionally collaborative nature is a primary difference from hackers being defined as antagonistic or subversive,” (Schrock) allowed an eventual collaboration between the government and civic hackers. Despite the friendliness extended by the government towards civic hackers, certain initiatives such as the National Day of Civic Hacking have received critique from the technical community in a time “when the government continues to persecute hacktivists and open-data activists,” (Lennard, salon.com) under the “dangerously broad” (Lennard, salon.com) Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, as stated in Natasha Lennard’s article, When the

This interferes with their normal operation of business because not only will this have an effect on their image,(Russell,

The media’s skewed outlook and reports on the deep web has affected the way the majority of people view this resource that is inherently not a bad tool. The media also misrepresents the deep web by confusing it with the darknet and giving false information about the two. It is easy to get caught in the wave of horror stories that appear in magazines and online content about the deep web and the darknet, but more often than not the deep web is doing more good than is portrayed by the media. The advances in cryptography that is being used within the deep web and the darknet are creating a safer environment for reporters and political activists; even the simple internet user needs cryptography to protect their information stored in the deep web.

The hacktivist group Anonymous has recently terrified many corporations and operations with its ability to hack, publically humiliate and to release confidential information in the name of freedom of speech. Although participation is widely dissipated throughout the world and its current power is quite possibly uncontrollable, Anonymous had humble beginnings and hasn’t always possessed such a violently noble cause. The evolvement of Anonymous from its not-so-respectable intentions to its worldwide movement for uncensored speech has effectively thrust the nation into a new era of cyber hackers and indignant hacktivists.

Adam Segal’s “The Hacked World Order” reveals many prevalent issues in today’s technologically centered society. Starting at Year Zero, June 2012 to June 2013, the battle over cyberspace witnessed world-changing cyberattacks. This was accomplished due to the fact that nearly 75% of the world’s population has easy access to a mobile phone, and the Internet connects nearly 40% of the total human population, which is nearly 2.7 billion people. With that being said, cyberattacks are becoming a more realistic form of terror.

One would think that what happens online has little to no impact on the physical world and people’s daily lives. On the other hand, people you don’t know can’t harm you as well over the Internet, right? These questions are answered in, Expect Us where I talk about and elaborate upon the well-known online hacktivist collective, Anonymous. I wanted to have this paper really show the reader the impact that they have on the real world and what they stand for through various forms of imagery and explanation with all of the corruption going on right now, I thought this would be a good thing to talk about. I chose to show you the collective through the eyes of a current member who’s had an idea of what they do ever since he was a child. I find this important as the story goes on as the reader will see how even as he evolves from a child to adulthood, the idea sticks with him the entire

However, there is a significant portion of culprits aiming for secretive intellectual properties, much more than their Eastern European counterparts, whose goal is profit from toxic malwares (Kshetri 2013). Interestingly, Chinese intrinsic hackers hack for some noble causes such as patriotism, political and communal obligations (Kshetri 2013). Typical Chinese perpetrators are overwhelmingly males working individually. They are young amateurs, mostly 17 to 45 years old, with some still in junior high-school. They use toolkits, botnets predisposed online for petty crimes. Contrast to common belief, most don’t receive good education, usually high-school students, unemployed individuals, low-rank employees or manual workers. Group based cyber crimes, on the other hand, are more complicated. These groups are highly specialized, diversely scattered and horizontally organized. They are tailored to specific task-for-hire such as creating botnets or releasing Trojan malwares. Their members are located across China and work as equal with little to none hierarchical order. The interconnectedness and space-time boundlessness of cyber-world help them expand greatly, even passing through sovereign borders with one incident when Chinese hackers attacked the US conglomerate DuPont somewhere between 2009 and 2010. Due to the wild success of online frauds, many traditional criminal organizations have switched to Internet based operations. Some online groups go further and get backed up by legitimate corporates seeking extra profit under the table (Chan & Wang

The film Killswitch was about the government trying to monopolize and control user traffic on the internet. Whether it is for security purposes or financial gain, our system of democracy is being compromised at a technological level. Several speakers including Tim Wu, expressed how “hacktivism” was a revolutionary tool used to take a stand against government interference.

Learn software and computing concepts. To be a true member of a hacktivists organization it is critical that one knows how to hack or at least supervise security and privacy. It would be appropriate to understand the TOR network, which is a multi level encryption browsing bundle that allows for sluggish but secure browsing as well as access to the dark web, the forbidding side of the internet; VPN, or virtual private network security which allows for the bypassing of filtering inside schools and other organizations due to the layer two tunneling protocols used in the OSI model for computers and networks in wide-ranging and general sense of the word. Finally Proxies, another privacy system allowing the use of alternate servers to handle a request, which effectively obfuscates the transmission of data, or in extremely intricate proxies it turns the request into a form of cryptographic communication in

A third positive example of hacking is hacktivism. Though hacktivists have a more subtle positive effect, they consistently bring controversial decisions and topics to light. Hacktivists are hackers that use their talent to be activists that support a certain cause. Most are politically motivated and believe that a person or organization has committed a wrongdoing. Their strong beliefs drive them to commit hacks that seek revenge and wreak havoc upon daily lives; numerous amounts of these attacks are on government agencies. This fact alone makes many people dislike the act. However, despite being malicious in nature, it is not malicious to individual citizens and often stimulates positive discussion and much-needed change. Hacktivism can be used to further popular ideas and make the public voice heard; it is a great way to broadcast ideas that would otherwise be obscure and ensure that a level of justice is promoted among peers.