Salmon Populations

Even though some of the problems were inherent were market failures, ineffective or counterproductive government interventions. They wanted the current regulatory regime change to a policy that was based on exclusive ownership of the salmon fishing rights for specific rivers. “There were four policy that analysis examined: (1) the status quo policy, (2) harvesting rights, and (4) individual transferable quotas. All four are evaluated

There are two types of orca’s in the Salish sea, the Transients and the Residents. Transient Killer Whales are mammal eating killer whales. They look almost the exact same as resident orca’s, who eat fish. The main difference between the two is the food supply. World wide, Transient killer whales are more heavily populated then the Resident Orcas. This is because they have a bigger food supply. They eat anything from seals to sealions to turtles. While the resident’s food supply is much more limited to mainly Chinook Salmon. The local orcas are struggling greatly to get enough food to survive due to the low number of chinook salmon in recent years. This is because the salmons run up stream in the Snake river has been interrupted by four dams along the Snake River. The Snake River has four different types of salmon and “All four Snake River salmon and steelhead runs are listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act”(see “Vital Connections” under works cited). The salmon numbers have not been bouncing back either after millions of dollars of work has been put into trying to bring back the salmon population in the Snake River. Many whale researchers are pushing to have the removal of four dams along the snake river that are helping kill off the salmon. Many whale researchers believe that the problem with the dam’s include “The dams have been killing upwards of a million salmon and steelhead annually for 40 years.The dams impede passage of salmon and steelhead between their spawning and rearing habitat and the Pacific Ocean.The dams have inundated Snake River fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat. The dams have disrupted the free flowing Snake River and turned it into a series of slack water reservoirs.Snake River slackwater reservoirs are deadly to salmon and steelhead” (see “Vital Connections:” in works cited). The cons to the dams

Iconic Cape Cod Massachusetts is named after the Atlantic Cod. For centuries, this fish has provided food and trade for New Englanders. In this time, there have been several instances of overfishing by humans from the aboriginal era to colonial times but none so drastic as the present conditions of cod fisheries (Jackson, Kirby, Berger, and Bjorndal, 2001). Overfishing is a human induced occurrence where humans are fishing more than a body of water can sustain. In other words, humans are catching more adult fish preventing the existing population from growing to replenish the fish that were caught (Overfishing: A Global Disaster, n.d.). Worldwide, over 80% of the fish stocks are “fully- to over-exploited, depleted, or in a state of collapse” (Overfishing: A Global Disaster, n.d.). The results of this careless behavior has reduced the biodiversity in the Gulf of Maine and landed the Atlantic Cod on the endangered species list as being “vulnerable” (Cod, n.d.). In the neighboring region of Newfoundland, Canada, communities are already feeling the effects of overfishing. In 1992, at the beginning of the fishing season in the Grand Bank region, there were suddenly no more cod. The local economies collapsed and to this day, the region has not quite recovered (Brennan and Withgott, 2005).

For over one hundred years the salmon population in the Columbia Basin has been drastically decreasing, due to overfishing and man made obstacles. The Columbia Basin Fish Accords have given a one billion dollar grant to tribes and states for habitat restoration projects. However, the conflict still rages between the native tribes of the area, and the federal government whose roadblocks such as dams prohibit the free flowing rivers that bring salmon back to the spawning grounds. The effort to keep salmon coming back up the river while keeping the dams intact is the struggle that the federal grant hopes to solve.

From the San Francisco Bay to streams and rivers of Oregon, salmon populations have been steadily decreasing over the past two decades but more rapidly within recent years. In general, fish populations in the Pacific Northwest region have always fluctuated, but the overall trend continues on a downward slope to extinction. While natural phenomena such as flooding and predators of the food chain do affect salmon populations, human activity poses the greatest threat by far. The four main reasons of salmon plummeting are as followed: Harvest, Hatcheries, Hydropower, and Habitat. It’s clear that water ecosystems and management of human activity threaten salmon as a whole. Whether it’s a bay, river or stream- whatever body of water that contains salmon should be subject to ethics that guide our actions as a part of achieving a better overall environment.

“ When the chinook salmon come back to the San Joaquin River it will be a miracle.” (Weintraub 2009) In the article ‘River Restoration Project Offers a Sprinkling of Hope’ Daniel Weintraub expresses that he does not believe that the salmon will come back to the San Joaquin River. Now the interesting thing to know is if after six years where Weintraub’s beliefs accurate? “If it isn’t already a warm-water fishery, it will be soon. In the midst of global warming, trying to expand that range of salon- instead of saving them where they are- is a fool’s errand.” (The Editorial Board 2015) The Editorial Board explains that after six years the salmon still haven't returned, and they won't return because of global warming. It is better to save the salmon where they are now instead of trying to have them return to a place where we won’t know if they will

Salmon stocks in British Columbia are on the brink of collapse largely because the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans has consistently allowed too many fish to be killed in commercial and recreational fisheries, according to a new research paper.The high exploitation of stocks – which draws parallels with the destruction of Atlantic cod by overfishing – may be more to blame for the decline of Pacific salmon than global warming or poor ocean conditions, says the study assessing salmon management practices, published today by the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic

Over the past 25 years, Atlantic salmon has become one of the endangered species among the red list. The problem first occurred at Penobscot river. Initially, 75% of the whole country’s Atlantic salmon population lived there, but now, less than 5% remain. The main reason that leads to the rapid decline of Atlantic salmon to the state of extinction is due to overfishing which begins from 1950. As the decline in salmon population became evident, farming of salmon began in 1980 and fishing stopped in 1990. Furthermore, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) decided to step in and rectify this problem when they realized the seriousness of this issue. They spent 7.3 million into American Recovery and reinvestment Act (ARRA) to rebuild

For our groups visual communication strategy we chose to create a children's picture book. Our book will target elementary school children in the North Vancouver Area, specifically between the ages six to ten years of age. Our group would start by targeting one or two elementary schools in North Vancouver as they are located near the Capilano Salmon Hatchery. The location increases the relevance and connectivity of our specific topic to the kids and their parents. Our book will focus on communicating the negative impacts that both climate change and humans have on our local salmon population, through the primary use of illustrations and short “kid-friendly” dialogue. Our report will delve deeper into the science and details of the causes, impacts, vulnerabilities and possible solutions that both local people, and larger forces (ex.government, or NGO’S) can take in order to protect Vancouvers salmon stock.

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) both belong to the genus Salmo.

Salmon culture site selection: considerations for the determination of an appropriate location for a partially integrated coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) operation.

Each day studying, whales were present between 50% and 88% of the time meaning that a large fraction of the populations were routinely occupying (Williams 714). The amount of time killer whales spend on the reserve has been drastically underestimated. The effects that the pipeline would have on the whales as well as their prey would be devastating. This is a very high- risk marine habitat that is very susceptible to damage under high- impact events (like oil spills). Williams goes onto explain, “Conservation benefits to killer whales would presumably be improved …by declaring it {this area} to be a no- take, no- entry marine protected area, and by keeping the region free from oil tankers. With killer whale populations decreasing all over the world the Canadian government faced a big problem with wanting to place a pipeline in a place that could potentially deplete the species population at an even more alarming rate: even the destruction of one group of killer whales could take down the whole system. This study put into perspective what large threats oil spills, and tanker traffic would have on the recovery of this

British Columbia is the west-most province locating on the pacific cost. It is Canada’s richest province in terms of biological diversity. It is home to 70 per cent of its freshwater fish species, 75 per cent of Canada’s bird species, 66 percent of its butterfly and thousands of other animals and plants. However, more than 43 % of these species are either threatened or endangered, only 191 species are listed under the federal species at risk act (commonly known as SARA), and only 1.6 % (three) is listed as at risk under the British Columbia Wildlife Act. What is even worse is the truth that British Columbia has more species at risk than any other province and its ineffective laws and policies (flaws in SARA) are the primary contributing

A steady decrease in whale populations can have a top-down effect on many other species in the ecosystem, especially penguin, seal, and krill. The reasoning is because whales are a keystone species in the Southern Ocean (Ainley,

Hunting and killing whales has become a topic of great controversy in the 21st century. Anti-whalers claim that hunting whales is an inhumane practice and there is absolutely no reason to partake in this sport. Not only is it next to impossible to kill these animal humanely, adult whales are intergraded into family pods and killing one may impact other members of the family (Hoyt and Hvenegaard 2002). They also argue that whales are a keystone species to marine ecosystems and therefore should not be hunted at all. If these whales were to disappear from the seas, there would be devastation in all tropic levels (Hoyt and Hvenegaard 2002; Schneider and Pearce 2004; Springer et al 2003). However, these anti-whalers fail to see both the economic