Salmon Related Budgeting Research Paper

There are two types of orca’s in the Salish sea, the Transients and the Residents. Transient Killer Whales are mammal eating killer whales. They look almost the exact same as resident orca’s, who eat fish. The main difference between the two is the food supply. World wide, Transient killer whales are more heavily populated then the Resident Orcas. This is because they have a bigger food supply. They eat anything from seals to sealions to turtles. While the resident’s food supply is much more limited to mainly Chinook Salmon. The local orcas are struggling greatly to get enough food to survive due to the low number of chinook salmon in recent years. This is because the salmons run up stream in the Snake river has been interrupted by four dams along the Snake River. The Snake River has four different types of salmon and “All four Snake River salmon and steelhead runs are listed as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act”(see “Vital Connections” under works cited). The salmon numbers have not been bouncing back either after millions of dollars of work has been put into trying to bring back the salmon population in the Snake River. Many whale researchers are pushing to have the removal of four dams along the snake river that are helping kill off the salmon. Many whale researchers believe that the problem with the dam’s include “The dams have been killing upwards of a million salmon and steelhead annually for 40 years.The dams impede passage of salmon and steelhead between their spawning and rearing habitat and the Pacific Ocean.The dams have inundated Snake River fall Chinook salmon spawning habitat. The dams have disrupted the free flowing Snake River and turned it into a series of slack water reservoirs.Snake River slackwater reservoirs are deadly to salmon and steelhead” (see “Vital Connections:” in works cited). The cons to the dams

Factors on the collapse of the West Coast fishery•Overfishing•Changes in the Environment/Global Warming•Different agreements/lack of treatiesOverfishingIn the 90's there was an 800,000 tonnes catch per year for salmon. Instead of being over 100 major fish processing plants in British Colombia, there's fewer than 10.Changes in the Environment/Global WarmingThe Pacific Ocean is increasing in temperature due to Global Warming, which there's a possibility of threatening the salmon's habitat. The preferable temperature for salmon is below 7 degrees, so if the water temperatures keep rising, the salmon will move towards the Bering sea because its cooler. Instead of the spawning occurring in British Colombia, it will be in

For over one hundred years the salmon population in the Columbia Basin has been drastically decreasing, due to overfishing and man made obstacles. The Columbia Basin Fish Accords have given a one billion dollar grant to tribes and states for habitat restoration projects. However, the conflict still rages between the native tribes of the area, and the federal government whose roadblocks such as dams prohibit the free flowing rivers that bring salmon back to the spawning grounds. The effort to keep salmon coming back up the river while keeping the dams intact is the struggle that the federal grant hopes to solve.

Salmon stocks in British Columbia are on the brink of collapse largely because the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans has consistently allowed too many fish to be killed in commercial and recreational fisheries, according to a new research paper.The high exploitation of stocks – which draws parallels with the destruction of Atlantic cod by overfishing – may be more to blame for the decline of Pacific salmon than global warming or poor ocean conditions, says the study assessing salmon management practices, published today by the Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic

Commercial fisheries for Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) experienced a complete crash in the early 1990s. The collapse extended from southern Labrador to the continental shelf off eastern Nova Scotia (Fig. 1). Abundance of the cod stocks were so low that a moratorium was set on commercial fisheries for cod stocks in 1992. Additionally, the cod fishery was an inherent part of Newfoundlanders social and cultural identity (Higgins, 2009). The fishery represented many individuals livelihood. Thus, with the collapse of the cod fishery was not only economically crippling but also detrimental culturally. The ecological and socioeconomical impacts of the collapse prompted people and the Canadian government to critically evaluate the way in which commercial fisheries were managed in order to recover the cod population and prevent such dramatic declines in abundances happening in other fish species in the future.

The Food and Agriculture Organization is of the United Nations; their mission is to eliminate hunger internationally. Stated by Maanvi Singh, a reporter from National Public Radio, “According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, fish now accounts for almost 17 percent of the world's intake of protein — in some coastal and island countries it's as high as 70 percent” (qtd. Singh). Aquaculture is rising at a surprisingly fast rate while our fisheries are decreasing rapidly. We need to find a way to produce more fish in a way that won’t destroy the environment; sustainable fresh water fishing may be the answer. Sustainable fresh water fishery is when a targeted species’ population

Hi im Cyrus Bryington and i’m here to tell you about the job that i want when i'm a little older. My job is at Koi to the world and that involves ichthyology which is the study of fish. But this Job is a online website that sells koi and they are really pretty fish. I feel that this career is good for me because for my whole life i have loved weird animals and fish. when I was like 10 this company came to the area and at that time they bought the shop that my dad worked at and he knew i loved fish and he brought me there and he said when i turned 14 he would let me work their for 4 dollars a hour. They are only open for 6 hours a day because their is only two guys their a day.So I think they really need help with their job.

Congress established the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in 1980, over the strenuous objections of oil companies like Exxon and British Petroleum. As a compromise with the oil companies, lawmakers designated the refuge's coastal plain as a “study area,” leaving it in limbo until future

The history of salmon farming can be traced back to fertilization testing in Europe in the second half of the eighteenth century. Hatcheries were set up one century afterward in both Europe and North America. Hatchery-based enhancement programs were introduced at a large scale only after the 1950s in Japan, Russia, USA and Canada. The modern systems of salmon culture in floating sea cages were first introduced in Norway in the late 1960s. Marketable salmon farming was well recognized in many temperate countries around the world by the 1980s and 1990s. The production of Atlantic salmon has changed extensively over the past two decades. In 1980, total production of farmed Atlantic salmon was less than 550,000 metric tons (mt). By 2004, this production had reached to more than 2.4 million mt.

over the past two decades. In 1980, total production of farmed Atlantic salmon was less than

And stock assessments for all marine mammal stocks in waters under U.S. jurisdiction were beefed up. (Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), 2013). Implementation of the legislation is currently overseen by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Essential to the success of the MMPA, a newly founded Marine Mammal Commission was tasked with ensuring the protection of sea otters and marine otters, walruses, polar bears, manatees, and dugongs. NOAA was given responsibility to conserve and manage pinnipeds including seals and sea lions and cetaceans such as whales and dolphins. In their conclusion of their findings, NOAA presented congress with data that showed: “all species and population stocks of marine mammals are, or may be, in danger of extinction or depletion due to human activities; these mammals should not be permitted to diminish below their optimum sustainable population”, and argued that: “measures should be taken immediately to replenish any of these mammals that have diminished below that level, and efforts should be made to protect essential habitats; there is inadequate knowledge of the ecology and population dynamics of these mammals; negotiations should be undertaken immediately to encourage international arrangements for research and conservation of these mammals” (H.R. Res 10420, 1972).

Driftnet fishing is illegal in some places, but is still done for the large amount of fish it provides. In some countries where fish make up a large part of the populations diet, people are still allowed to driftnet fish. In recognition of Japan’s traditional reliance on salmon fishing, the International North Pacific Fisheries Commission (INPFC) reduced and restricted the areas that Japanese salmon driftnet vessels could fish gradually (History of Driftnet Fisheries in Operation 6). Other countries are not so fortunate, but the damage being done to the populations of fish could result in the extinction of the species. Ireland also has an inshore salmon driftnet fleet that fishes illegally and threatens the existence of the salmon stocks in both Ireland and Scotland (History of Driftnet Fisheries in Operation 9). Bans and laws against driftnet fishing can hurt populations of people because of their dependence on fishing, but if the populations of fish are wiped out because of driftnet fishing, it will harm humans more than the laws.

to sustain fish stocks. Many are optimistic about these reforms, while others are cautious since

The first thing we need to do is locate the fish, which Oceana has done a great job of doing, fish are conveniently located in the coastal zones of countries, these “coastal zones” are under the control of national jurisdictions, which means each country can manage their own fisheries. It’s a good thing that these zones are controlled by national jurisdictions, because if it were done internationally, it would be a lot more difficult for these changes to be put into action.

The first thing we need to do is find the fish, which Oceana has done a great job of doing, fish are conveniently located in the coastal zones of countries, these “coastal zones” are under the control of national jurisdictions, which means each country can manage their own fisheries. It’s a good thing that these zones are controlled by national jurisdictions, because if it were done internationally, it would be a lot more difficult for these changes to be put into action.