There have been numerous times where I have been affected by Salmonella, so it was easy to swing towards Salmonella as the CBRN choice. Salmonella is found in everyday food products such as raw chicken, raw beef, raw fish, raw eggs and unpasteurized milk (foodsafety.gov). Salmonella can also be found on reptiles, amphibians, birds and even pet treats (foodsafety.gov). People will start to feel symptoms within four to seven days, which include: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, headaches, dehydration and possibility blood in the stool (mayoclinic.gov).
Salmonella can be put into an aerosol or into a liquid. According to the Center of Disease Control (CDC), approximately 1.2 million cases of salmonella poisoning are reported each year, these cases cost roughly around $325 million in direct medical costs (Layton, June 2011). Even though Salmonella is not the deadliest bacteria or virus, this could possibly do some economic damage to citizens. According to the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, in 2010 the average hospital stay was around $12000 a night (Pfuntner, Wier, Steiner, January 2013).
…show more content…
If used in water, farmers could possibly be infecting the hundreds of acres of food they are trying to grow. Dust croppers are still used for pesticides and watering crops throughout agricultural farms. That would be a fast way to distribute salmonella infected water. The United States has already seen a biological attack with Salmonella. In 1984, a group call the Rajneeshee poisoned multiple buffet style restaurants in Wasco County with salmonella infected water (Bovsun, June 2013). This biological attack affected 750 citizens, but with no deaths. The purpose of this attack was to swing the vote for a building permit, to stop people from going to the voting polls (Bovsun, June
In the case of the Salmonella gastroenteritis outbreak after a reception, the origin of the illness comes down to the potato salad served at this event, however, the investigators are not certain of the mechanism of contamination. Whether the service worker (infected) might have unknowingly contaminated the food item or whether the food service worker also was infected through the same source as the case-patients remains unclear.2 Because the mechanism is unclear, it’s hard to identify if any of the ingredients in the potato salad were the culprit. In many cases, however, investigators are able to identify the mechanism for contamination.
Schwan’s Sales Enterprise had the largest foodborne illness outbreak in history in Marshall, Minnesota around 1994 (Rubenstein, 1998). Cliff Viessman, a tanker truck operator transported a shipment of raw eggs that may have been infected with salmonella bacteria. The suspected contamination was unknown to Viessman’s employees. A foodborne illness is an infection or irritation of the gastrointestinal that caused by food or beverages that contain harmful bacteria, parasites, viruses, or chemicals. The company truck was parked and pressure washed to eliminate the bacteria. The next assignment was to transport ice cream mix to the Schwan’s plant (Rubenstein, 1998). Schwan’s company heard about the bacteria that may have affected their product and
Salmonella is a bacterial disease that occurs in the intestines, the signs and symptoms can be; fever, or other illnesses such as diarrhea and abdominal cramps. People typically get salmonella from contaminated foods, which seems to occur frequently from poultry and eggs (Nordqvist, 2016). This is just a basic look at salmonella though, next we need to look at the epidemiologic triad (host, agent, and environment) and see how each plays a role in a salmonella outbreak.
This case study, finalized and updated onto the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, talks about the Multistate Outbreak of Salmonella Wandsworth Infections Linked to Veggie Booty. Publishing this outbreak onto their website makes it very beneficial and helps the public realize the importance of food health. Food health is just as important as overall public health. It is essential because people need to consume food in order to live, and if their food is tainted or contaminated, it would cause health problems and sickness and in some extreme cases, death. Ensuring food health will overall promote public health in the long run.
The USDA issued interim regulations that restricted the interstate sale and transportation of eggs and poultry from flocks to protect the community from salmonella- infected eggs. The USDA has to collects samples from the flock, and if any of the test came out positive and its movement in interstate commerce would be restricted. In 1990, salmonella outbreaks were traced to three houses owned by Rose Acre Farms. Because the “test flocks” tested positive, USDA officials removed and killed sixty hens from the
Foodborne illness, or food poisoning, happens everyday in the U.S. and it is estimated that 48 million people are affected by it every year. Of these 48 million, 128,000 end up in the hospital and 3000 of them die from foodborne pathogens (Tucker, 2014). Foodborne illnesses can be caused by biological, chemical, or physical contaminants. The biological contaminants consist of bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi. Chemical contaminants are pesticides, cleaning supplies, and toxic chemicals. Physical contaminations are dirt, glass, wood, splinters, stones, hair, jewelry, and metal shavings (Tucker, 2014). Salmonella, a bacterium, has been the most common reported cause of food poisoning. Salmonella is most commonly exposed to humans through animal feces and it is usually from animals that give us beef, poultry, and dairy products. People who do not wash their hands after being around animals can also transmit salmonella into our food. The symptoms of Salmonella are abdominal cramps, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and fever (Tucker, 2014). The symptoms will usually resolve on their own in healthy people but may become life threatening in those with compromised immune systems. In order to prevent Salmonellosis, raw eggs should be avoided, as well as undercooked meat, shellfish, and unpasteurized milk and juice (Tucker, 2014). It is also important to always practice hand hygiene before handling any uncooked food products. Escherichia Coli, otherwise known as E. coli, is
In the article Backyard Chickens Carry Hidden Salmonella by Aneri Pattani. She explains why 900 people are infected with salmonella and the chickens are not the culprits of this disease. The normal issue with contracting Salmonella is normally eating raw cookie dough or undercooked eggs or meat. But it can also be contract when people put objects that came in contact with their live poultry, or when they deal with their live poultry and touch their mouth. Dr Nicholas says “ this doesn't mean people are not supposed to have Backyard chicken, but it is very important to wash your hands and make sure you have separate clothes for when you're dealing with live poultry”. She advised to not let your outside birds live with you in your house and avoid
Foodborne illness is one of the more common illnesses that affects every 1 in 6 Americans each year according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) (cdc.gov). Of those 48 million people, about 128,00 are hospitalized while 3,000 are left dead (cdc.gov). Foods such as: fruits, vegetables, meat and poultry, and shellfish, are the number one causers of foodborne illness. Produce accounted for the highest affecting food group with leafy greens causing more than 46% by the norovirus (https://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/attribution/attribution-1998-2008.html). Poultry accounted for the most deaths with findings of Salmonella and Listeria as the two main bacteria causing agents.
This multistate outbreak of Salmonella Tennessee case was published by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in March of 2007 to inform the public of the outbreak that was discovered and in order to prevent other people from getting sick. The Salmonella infection was associated with the consumption of Peanut Butter, specifically with Peter Pan peanut butter and Great Value peanut butter brands manufactured by ConAgra. Since both brands were manufactured in the same facility in Georgia, they both became contaminated and so, the peanut butter jars with the code 2111 were to de discarded and avoided (MMWR, 2007). However, since the Great Value peanut butter brand is manufacture in other plants, only the peanut butter jars from the facility in Georgia had the bacterial infection within them. Although Salmonella is a common illness in the United States estimated at 1 million cases per year, the Tennessee serotype is a rare case and it was first associated with peanut butter in February 2007; however, since November of 2006, public health officials had noticed an increase with this serotype (MMWR, 2007). The symptoms of Salmonella Tennessee include diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps and dysuria, which can be seen in 12-72 hours from the person being contaminated (MMWR, 2007). Furthermore, 715 Salmonella Tennessee cases where identified in 48 states from the beginning of August 2006 through the end of July 2007 (Sheth, 2011). The source of
Most people know that Salmonella is a bacteria that infects people heavily through uncleaned and poorly prepared food. However, few people know that this disease can actually be caused by bacterial infection in their well water. Although Salmonella is very rarely a deadly disease, it can still cause extreme diarrhea, high fevers, and cramps. Eliminate this threat by understanding how your well water gets infected and what you can do to treat it.
Companies should to admit the potential danger of different salmonella’s strains and allow to add them to the list of adulterants. The video gave enough evidences that bacteria cause severe health issues and even death. Manufacturers also should stop to screen themselves behind the legislative system and start to act before the appearance of evidences like unopened pack of chicken with the strain of salmonella that caused an outbreak. Prompt response will help to prevent the development of long-term consequences and will show that the company really cares about its consumers. Poultry manufacturers can also provide funding for researches on salmonella treatment as one of the main sources of the
A Texas woman has died as a result of consuming cucumber contaminated with the salmonella poona bacteria. Her death marks the second fatality associated with the tainted produce. The salmonella outbreak has resulted in 341 cases of infection across 30 states, including 18 in Texas.
Salmonellosis is a common infectious disease that causes about one million cases every year. Most cases are minor and do not require any treatment, but some do lead to hospitalization and sometimes even death. Salmonellosis is typically contracted by an infected food or animal. Salmonellosis is commonly associated with undercooked or raw chicken, but it can actually be found in different types of food categories such as fruits. Some specific Salmonella serotypes will be found in a particular place, but ultimately Salmonella as a whole can be found in a wide array of places.
Salmonella is a communicable disease that is caused by the salmonella enterica bacterium. There are many types of this bacteria including salmonella Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Salmonella is most common in young children and elderly who have impaired immune systems meaning they are more likely to contract infections. Salmonella is one of the most reported causes of food poisoning in the UK.
* Ensure public safety: A majority of salmonella species can be inactivated if the restaurant chain operates at documented pasteurization temperatures. However, in the event of the infection reaching the public, there is a significant morbidity and mortality rate. Hospitalization and death rates can be as high as 33% and 3% respectively. (Schlundt, 2001) Exhibit 1 shows the number of Salmonella-related deaths and death rates in the past 10 years.