Salmonella Essay

You can get typhoid from the salmonella typhi bacteria in food or water, contact with an infected person, or poor sanitation. The bacteria enters your body, travels into the intestines and the blood, then to the lymph nodes, gallbladder, liver, spleen, and other parts of your body. Sometimes the disease can be spread through the feces and urine of infected people. Raw foods or foods that have not been cooked or handled properly can also cause typhoid fever.

Salmonella is a bacterial disease that occurs in the intestines, the signs and symptoms can be; fever, or other illnesses such as diarrhea and abdominal cramps. People typically get salmonella from contaminated foods, which seems to occur frequently from poultry and eggs (Nordqvist, 2016). This is just a basic look at salmonella though, next we need to look at the epidemiologic triad (host, agent, and environment) and see how each plays a role in a salmonella outbreak.

Norovirus and Salmonella are the two most common pathogens, resulting in the most hospitalizations and deaths. Norovirus is a pathogen that infects the stomach and intestines by causing inflammation. Symptoms of norovirus include; nausea/vomiting, diarrhea and stomach pain leading to dehydration causing one to urinate more frequently and feel dizzy while standing up. In order to avoid contracting the Norovirus, the CDC recommends thoroughly washing fruits, vegetables and cooking seafood to appropriate temperatures, which can survive up to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/preventing-infection.html). Salmonella affects the gastrointestinal tract when bacteria is swallowed, mainly coming from raw food products; eggs,

The infectious agent (pathogen) that causes salmonella is called salmonella enteriditis. The bacteria is larger than a virus; but, is visible to the eye with the microscope. It is rod-shaped, gram negative, non-motile bacteria that does not form spores. Interestingly enough it communicates to its fellow bacteria via AHL. It infects the cell, multiplies within it; then, bursts the cell. Special effector protein factors are required for salmonella intestinal invasion and the induction of fluid secretion and for inflammatory responses. There are about six names species names of it, salmonella

Exposure to salmonella is not taken lightly, as it can prove deadly and lead to contact with several related diseases such as salmonellosis. Salmonellosis can manifest with symptoms including diarrhea, severe cramping, and

Escherichia coli is a gram negative bacteria which is the main aerobic commensal bacteria found in the intestines of animals; it can also become pathogenic if it gets into the urinary tract ot the blood (Erb et. al., 2007). Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacteria. It is the leading cause of bacterial infections in humans involving the skin, blood, and lower respiratory tract in America (De Leo et. al., 2009); Natural selection of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus has led to the emergence of increased resistance to penicillin, methicillin, and vancomycin within the human population (De Leo et. al., 2009). One important difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is the structure of their cell walls. The cell walls

There have been numerous times where I have been affected by Salmonella, so it was easy to swing towards Salmonella as the CBRN choice. Salmonella is found in everyday food products such as raw chicken, raw beef, raw fish, raw eggs and unpasteurized milk (foodsafety.gov). Salmonella can also be found on reptiles, amphibians, birds and even pet treats (foodsafety.gov). People will start to feel symptoms within four to seven days which include: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, headaches, dehydration and possibility blood in the stool (mayoclinic.gov).

It is important in the way food is handled and the safety of the process that food goes through. One of the most common causes of food poisoning is bacteria and viruses. Symptoms of food poisoning can range from very sever to not very, depending on what bacteria or virus is the cause. Salmonella is the name for a common group of bacteria. The bacteria can effect different people in different ways. It can cause a serious sickness in older adults, infants, and persons with chronic diseases. Cooking and pasteurization can kill Salmonella. Two caused by this bacterium are the lettuce recall from major supermarkets and the mayonnaise contamination on Melbourne Cup Day, by Piccalilli Catering.

Reactive arthritis is an autoimmune disorder in a group of spondyloarthropathies (SpAs), developing after bacterial infections. In the US, Yersinia, Salmonella, Shigella, or Campylobacter spp. are common for enteric infections with the incidence of 1%-4%, approximately, and equally found in males and females. On the other hand, Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common in genitourinary infections and more commonly found in males than females especially young men at 30s. Yet, the epidemiology of ReA can be indicated only by estimation due to the lack of specific diagnostic criteria and definition of the disease. The incidence and prevalence differ from time to time depend on genetic differences, lifestyles, and environments between populations.

The symptoms related to salmonella are: Gastrointestinal: diarrhea or blood in stool, fever, abdominal cramps or abdominal pain, vomiting, headache, and nausea. Moreover, a person may experience pain in their whole body such as dehydration, fatigue or loss of appetite. A specialist you can see if you are being affected by the illness is infectious disease doctor, which treats infections, including those that are tropical in nature. Gastroenterologist, focuses on the digestive system and its disorders. And primary care provider (PCP), prevents, diagnoses, and treats diseases. Salmonella gastrointestinal infections usually resolve, or get better, in 5-7 days; most do not require treatment other than drink plenty of fluids and get rest; even people with severe diarrhea may require rehydration with intravenous

What are the differences between bacterial, viral fungal and parasitic infections? How is each treated?

Salmonella is a type of bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Even though the main way to come in contact with salmonella

Every few years there are reports of Salmonella in the poultry at local food markets. Humans can become infected with diseases via air, beef, chicken, fish, eggs, and crops and water that contain animal feces. Humans that are infected experience flu-like symptoms, and sometimes death. “Deleener and Haebaert showed that the ferequency and variation of the different isolated salmonella-stereotypes from asymptomatic carriers in a meat packing plant corresponded with the stereotypes isolated from the supplied meat and from the produced meat products (Deleener J, Haebaert K. Enquete sur la role joue dans propagation de Salmonella et Shingella par les porteurs de germes dans I’industrie de la viande. Med Mal Infect 1980; 10:

Salmonella is a prokaryotic, rod shaped, bacterial organism. It is nonsporeforming and Gram-negative.(1) Salmonella is responsible for almost 60 percent of reported cases of bacterial food borne illness and 40 percent of all food borne illness of any kind. Salmonella survives digestion and reproduces in the small intestine, making people sick. Salmonella has hundreds of different types, all of which cause much the same illness in humans. Eating food containing live salmonella bacteria causes salmonellosis. (2)

This has slight discripencies with other two studies conducted by Chandrasekar et al [108] and Madura et al. In our study leucopenia was seen in 30.4% which was nearly correlating with one of the study conducted by Chandrasekar et al [108] but there was a slight discrepancy with the study conducted by Madura et al. In our study Anemia was seen in 35% cases, Thrombocytopenia in 15.38% and Leucocytosis in 3.84% which were compared with other two studies. Slight discrepancies may be due to many factors like co-Morbid conditions like Diabetes, Hypertensive, cardiac problems, Liver problems due to alcoholism and many other diseases associated with the Salmonella infections.