Essay about Salmonella enterica typhi

This lab experiment was done for the purpose of learning how to determine a gram negative bacterium based on multiple tests learned throughout the semester. My gram negative unknown bacterium given to me was Salmonella typhimurium based off of the following tests; Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), Sulfate Indole Motility (SIM), Methyl Red (MR), Voges-Proskaur (VP), Citrate, Urea Hydrolysis, and Gelatin Hydrolysis. Each test performed gives results such as motility, acid production, fermentation, carbon requirements, or detection of certain coenzymes. With a process of elimination, I determined which bacteria it was not and which bacterium I had, S. typhimurium. The expectation was to master the techniques for each test and utilize the results to determine the unknown bacterium I was given within a two-week period.

Typhus is a disease that is caused by rickettsia bacteria. Typhus has many symptoms like an onset of fever, chills, headache, and some the flu symptoms that usually appear about 1 to 3 weeks after being infected. About 5 to 9 days after symptoms start, a rash will start and spread throughout the body. Typhus is transmitted from lice, fleas, and rodents to humans. There are two very affective antibiotics to treat this disease called doxycycline

Mary Mallon is well-known for being the first healthy carrier of typhoid bacilli that was identified in the United States, even though never showed a single symptom. She transported the typhoid germs through the food cooked for each family she worked for. The case of Mary Mallon brought awareness to caring for the public and protecting the rights of people who are putting their health at risk. She did not want to believe she had the capability of infecting other people when she never showed a symptom (YouTube).

The concept of a “carrier” first emerged with typhoid fever with Mary Mallon in 1907. Mary Mallon was a working as a cook in her employer’s household, Charles Henry Warren, in New York. Working as a cook allow the bacteria, Salmonella typhi, to be transmitted to the household members through the food she was handling. George Sober, a sanitary engineer, was brought in to find the cause of illness and had proposed that it was the ingestion of freshwater clams. This was later disproven by the questioning of the infected individuals having denied they had eaten the clams. Sober then moved his suspicions onto Mary Mallon, believing she was spreading the disease as a carrier. This was a new concept at the time and was not readily accepted, especially

strains can also utilize iron. The bacteria bind only to human proteins carrying iron. This

Yes, My crew and I have just discovered the source of this sickness. The main causes of disease spread are the trade ships. On them are

Both Homer's Odyssey and Margaret Atwood's “Siren Song” use powerful imagery to emphasize the allure and danger of the Siren. Homer's epic poem is told through the eyes of Odysseus as he uses his great strength and wits to defeat his latest peril. In contrast Atwood's poem uses a Siren perspective to show the strength and guile of the females, giving voice to their plight. Both authors use specific tone, point of view, and diction to portray the Greek values of hubris and fame; however, Homer presents the Siren as an obstacle to overcome while Atwood portrays the Sirens as capable and cunning creatures.

Esherichia coli also known as E. coli is a bacterium that lives in your gut. (1). it was founded by Theodore von Esherich in 1888. There are many people that can get the bacteria. Also there are thousands of strands of E.coli. Six E. coli O157 outbreaks were identified during 2007. Four of the outbreaks involved foodborne transmission. (Eshericha Coli). Six Minnesota cases and one Wisconsin case with the same or closely-related PFGE subtype of E. coli O157:H7, and an additional Minnesota case of Shiga-toxin producing E. coli that was not culture-confirmed, attended the Minnesota State Fair in August. All but one of the cases showed cattle or visited the cattle

Another deadly disease was Consumption, or Tuberculosis which claimed the most young lives in the 19th century. The disease destroyed the lungs and was transmitted by sneezing and coughing by infected people or infected cows. It affected Victorians five to thirty who lived in an urban environment who had contact with an infected person. It causes weight loss, fever, night sweats, and fatigue. Later the person has a persistent cough, chest pain, and coughs up blood. Before it gets really extreme, it can be cured with rest, fresh air, and sunshine (Brown). The victims could live a very long time but they had to live with attacks that could last for years or decades. It allowed those infected to get married, have children, and pass on the disease. Families could suffer from the infection for two, sometimes three generations. Passed from grandparent to parent to child, for much of the century, physicians thought the disease was hereditary, not contagious. It could take years to develop symptoms and only 5-10% who have the bacteria ever develop the disease (Eagan).

The setting in the novel ,Pride and Prejudice, takes place in an era in which women's lives are somewhat controlled by family and where social classes are everything. Society lives by this rule but Elizabeth and other characters choose not to follow it. There are many archetypes that prove this such as situational, character and symbolic. The first situational archetypes that’s the most important in this novel is the fall. “There can be no love in all this,” (Chapter 26).

The symptoms may include fever, the chills, weakness throughout the body, abdominal pain and shock also there can be bleeding and tissue decay most commonly towards the finger and toes as they may appear black

Polonsky described humans as the essential host and sources for S. Thypi, which can endure many months in water or soil. He also described the viruses is translated by swallowing of water or food that has been contaminated by urinary and fecal contain the bacterium in it. The particular group of individual who are most likely to get infected by typhoid are the ones that purchased infected food ,water ,raw meat ,fruits and vegetables from salesperson in the street and the antiquity of interact with other people that are already infected by the virus ; another factor involved in the possibility of getting the virus is the environment . For example concurrency to water sources, population quantity, rainfall and temperature Polonsky (2012). Polonsky

What key activities and important facts tie each of the individual cases together? Some key facts that tie both cases together are that typhoid was spread by some form of contaminated food by a person (milk, food, water, seafood). In the case of Typhoid Mary, it was spread by her handling the food improperly. She was a carrier, and thus when she did not use good sanitary food preparation skills (like washing of hands), she passed the typhoid along to others. In the second case in Schenectady, New York, water did not seem to play a part in the spread of typhoid. So in both of these cases, the key fats that tie them together is the way

Typhoid fever is an intestinal illness, which can result in great suffering and even death. At first it was commonly confused with other fever causing illnesses until 1869 when William Jenner performed a careful analysis and found differences in the different types of typhus fevers. In this paper, I will discuss the bacteria that causes typhoid fever, discuss the signs, symptoms, method of transmission, past and current epidemics, and whether or not there has been a decrease in outbreaks in the past few years.

The book assigned for my evaluation is John Goldingay’s Old Testament Theology: Israel’s Gospel. There are several kinds of concerns that John Golidngay addresses, in relation to the Old Testament, in the introduction of this book. The first statement that stood out to me was, “The expression ‘Old Testament theology’ suffers from a number of disadvantages and ambiguities, but I have retained it in the title for this book because of its value connotations with regard to my subject (though for some people these are negative value connotations).” (15) In this statement the author speaks about the term Old Testament, which often bringing forth various preconceived notions that individuals bring as they read it. Similar to the issue we discovered in Old Testament Theology class, we all came in to the class with our ideas of what represented the Old Testament. Bringing preconceived notions of reading often limits the reader, if the reader is not open to learning additional information about the text. The author states, “I do not care for the phrase ‘Old Testament,’ which we inherit from some time in the patristic period, because it rather suggests something antiquated and inferior left behind by a dead person.” (15) What the author states shows that he wants the readers to be open minded and expand their thinking of the Old Testament to more than a time period or something that is no longer relevant. The author also