Saltmarsh Research Paper

The Chesapeake Bay is the largest estuary in the United States. About half of the Bay’s water volume comes from salt water from the Atlantic Ocean. The other half drains into the Bay from its enormous 64,000-square-mile watershed. Estuaries are among the most productive environments on earth, creating more organic matter each year than similarly-sized forests and agricultural areas. Estuaries also provide diverse habitats for wildlife and aquatic life, protect our communities against flooding, reduce pollution of waterways, and support local economies through commercial and recreational activities. Thousands of species

Hastings Point is a small coastal town located in New South Wales that is sounded by a national park. Hastings point has been a great location for tourists due to its marine wildlife, beaches and fishing. This destination is home to a magnificent rocky shore perfectly suited for a vast majority and wide range of marine wildlife. The rocky shore has a wide spread of both biotic and abiotic factors which provides a suitable ecosystem for all wildlife but unfortunately this unindustrialized location is becoming over developed. This takes a toll on Hastings point ecosystem immensely because the estuary, beach and the living organisms are slowly diminishing in

An estuary system is “the resulting collisions of sweet and salt-fresh river water flowing seaward and ocean water inland.” It is an aquatic system where salt and freshwater are constantly mixing. An estuary system is one of most active systems of the planet; it is a hybrid system that contains the best and worst qualities of the ocean, river, and lake systems it conglomerates. Estuaries are unique in nature because of their ability to be the most productive ecosystem on the entire planet; humans have attempted and failed to reach the productivity that estuaries naturally grant. There productivity lies it the constant change that occurs from the conflicting flows of fresh and ocean water. Ocean and freshwater are measured largely based on salinity, or the level of parts of salt per thousand. Ocean water usually

Every city has that one basketball game that everyone goes to. The game that brings the crowd to their feet. That one game that brings thousands of people to the audience, and leave them with something to talk about for the remainder of their lives. Saginaw High vs Arthur Hill boys basketball game is filled with people from all over the state, filled with future NBA players and lots of drama. Saginaw High is located in the poorest and the most dangerous parts of Saginaw,Mi. Just imagine a neighborhood with only three houses on each block and sounds like Fourth of July firecrackers going off every night knowing someone just died. So every year, Saginaw

On the night of November 9th, 1938, chaos struck the German Reich and forever changed the lives of Jewish people living in Europe. This terror, known as Kristallnacht, ended late on November 10th. As a result, nearly 8,000 Jewish business and homes were destroyed, 200 synagogues were burned to the ground, and 76 were demolished. Innocent Jews were beaten, raped, and terrorized by Nazi officers in their own homes (Fitzgerald 72). As a result of this historic pogrom, over 100 Jews were killed and 30,000 were sent to concentration camps; most never to be set free (Fitzgerald 13). Earlier in the day on November 9th, newspapers and radio stations, controlled by Nazi propaganda, had reported that the Secretary of Legislation at the German Embassy in Paris had been shot and seriously

An estuary system is “the resulting collisions of sweet and salt-fresh river water flowing seaward and ocean water inland.” It is an aquatic system where salt and freshwater are constantly mixing. An estuary system is one of most active systems of the planet; it is a hybrid system that contains the best and worst qualities of the ocean, river, and lake systems it conglomerates. Estuaries are unique in nature because of their ability to be the most productive ecosystem on the entire planet; humans have attempted and failed to reach the productivity that estuaries naturally grant. There productivity lies it the constant change that occurs from the conflicting flows of fresh and ocean water. Ocean and freshwater are measured largely based on salinity, or the level of parts of salt per thousand. Ocean water usually has around 35 parts per thousands of salt water, while freshwater

8) Increased quality of salt marsh vegetation may improve habitat value for the salt marsh shrew.

East Harbor is a 291 hectare back-barrier salt marsh and coastal lagoon that is located within the Cape Cod National Seashore (CCNS), in Truro Massachusetts (Thiet et al. 2014a; Thelen & Thiet, 2009). The East Harbor system was artificially isolated from the Cape Cod Bay in 1868 when the original 1000-ft wide inlet was diked due to the construction of a causeway for use by trains and automobiles (Portnoy et al. 2006). In 1894, a drainage system was installed that allowed freshwater to escape the system (Portnoy et al. 2006). However, no sea water could enter the system due to a one way flapper valve and the exclusion of the tides caused the salinity to decline from 25-30 parts per thousand (ppt) into brackish water with a salinity of around 5 ppt (Portnoy, 2013; Smith & Medeiros, 2013).

When looking at our recent investigation in the North West of Wales along the coastline, we specifically looked at the sand dunes in Harlech. We were looking at the how vegetation varied the further we go away from the sea, we predicted that we would see a larger proportion of vegetation the further we went from the sea as it is more suitable environment for vegetation to go and the only species present at the start would be the pioneer species of marram grass. There are many risks associated with this investigation and they will be outlined further in this essay.

An estuary is semi-enclosed bay where sea water mixes with freshwater. They are home to 70% of the world’s marine life. The port river estuary defines the areas of North Haven, outer harbour, barker inlet, Torrens Island, the St Kilda mangroves and other areas near to the coastline. It is located approximately 20km north west of the city of Adelaide. The following report will discuss the environmental resources and humans have affected the local ecosystems.

The intertidal rocky shore of Caloundra Beach is inhabited by diverse range of biodiversity of animals and plants, many of which have developed high levels of adaptations throughout their existence. The very boundary of marine and terrestrial ecosystem, this environment is subjected to extremes of the physical environment such as temperature, desiccation, wave turbulence as well the ecological interactions that commonly occur in biotic communities (e.g. competition, predation). However Rocky intertidal shores are easily accessible by humans and provide an enjoyable opportunity for passive recreation and for science and environmental education as well.

More specifically, “Important ecological and economic functions of seagrass beds have been widely acknowledged, notably their importance to fisheries and their role in preventing coastal erosion and siltation of coral reefs” (Erftemeijer and Lewis. 2006). Coral reefs are already disappearing at astonishing rates and siltation is even more detrimental to their survival.

Coastal erosion is an ecological hazard that has been occurring for centuries however rising sea levels and increasingly erratic weather patterns have the potential to advance the danger and destruction to much greater levels.  While the enormous wave action created by huge storms such as hurricanes is the most contributive to coastal erosion, the normal but repetitive wave action against the shoreline is just as destructive over the long term. Coastal erosion is the wearing away of land and the removal of beach or dune sediments by wave action, tidal currents, wave currents, drainage or high winds. The coastal land is made up of many and various types of wetlands. Wetland types found in coastal watersheds include salt marshes, bottomland hardwood swamps, fresh marshes, mangrove swamps, and shrubby depressions known in the southeast United States as pocosins. Coastal wetlands cover about 40 million acres and make up 38 percent of the total wetland acreage in the conterminous United States. 81 percent of coastal wetlands in the conterminous United States are located in the southeast.

The ocean comprises approximately 70% of the Earth’s surface and due to its colossal size; it is unanimous that the ocean itself is an important natural resource capital to the Australian nation. The numerous benefits associated with the ocean are so significant that it provides the human resource of food, helps regulate climate, and has boosted the Australian economy through ocean-bound transportation. However despite the array of benefits, in which the ocean has to offer, it is unfortunate that most of the Australian Coast has to suffer due to inappropriate human intervention. The natural structure and function of coastal marine ecosystems are constantly in combat with environmental and ecological challenges, majorly due to the issues of

Shorelines, the narrow strips of land located along body of water. These areas are also transition zones where land and water meet to create unique and highly efficient ecosystems. Shorelines are valuable resources that provide numerous social, economic and environmental aid. For example, shoreline ecosystems help purify water by filtering out sediment and trapping pollutants, including fertilizer and pesticide residues and absorbing excess nutrients from both natural and human sources that increase by human interaction . Shorelines also stabilize and protect the shores from erosion through presence of vegetation and limit flooding by absorbing water by creating buffer sediments. The littoral zone, extends from the depth to which sunlight can penetrate all the way on shore to a distance from 10-20 meters, depending on the slope. This zone supports and contains up to 90% of the life in a water body.( Schelenz, 2002)