Samantha Garland Disorder of Interest Paper

According to studies led by King’s College researchers, it has been confirmed that “psychopathy is a distinct subgroup of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD)” (Gregory et. al n.p) and similarly to psychopathy, the more severe ASPD behavioral patterns are, the symptoms can be referred to as sociopathic or psychopathic. Furthermore, according to Nigel Blackwood, Ma, MD.MRCPsych, “MRI scans...found that psychopaths had structural brain abnormalities in key areas of their ‘social brains’” (Gregory et. al n.p). The areas of the brain, in which are deficient in psychopaths, are important when comprehending an individual emotions’, intentions, and moral

This report will describe the symptoms, suspected causes, diagnosis process, treatment, and prevention of antisocial personality disorder.

     While there have been no outwardly successful treatments for Antisocial Personality Disorder, many of the disorders’ individuals never seek treatment alone, as they see no reason to conform to the rules of society with which they find no satisfaction. Instead, the individual will be prompted by his family or friends, or will be forced by a court system to seek treatment, and then will usually comply, and will consent to treatment. Much of the recent treatment for Antisocial Personality Disorder has been behavioral, and has not been based around biological or medicinal findings.

Antisocial personality disorder is a disorder of the brain that cause one to disregard other people’s rights by violating them, they lack empathy and are very malicious towards others, they enjoy the suffering of individuals whether it be an animal or human being and it usually occurs during child/teen hood and worsens as the child ages. With this disorder comes a hatred toward society due to lack of knowledge of the real world “Many of the children grow up shy, lonely, highly sensitive, with feelings of being rejected, unloved and neglected by family and/or society”(Miller, 2014, p.13). Isolation at young ages causes children to not know how to interact with others in the real world they think that it is okay to violate personal space because they were never taught what that was. With the isolation and feelings of oddity in the child, they begin to manifest fantasies within their own mind (Miller, 2014, p.14). Many times the child starts out with violent sexual fantasies that they would like to act out but do not have an execution plan so they experiment on inanimate objects or even themselves or family members who will not tell such as younger siblings. This quickly escalates to the things they do to strangers in society starting with smaller steps such as stalking, peeping tom, or abduction. With such successes, they begin their reign of terror

This paper will discuss the Cluster B personality disorder known as antisocial personality disorder. More specifically, it will attempt to explain various theories formulated about the difference in prevalence in male and female populations and why men are so much more likely to receive a diagnosis.

In the article Re-offending in forensic patients released from secure care: The role of antisocial/borderline personality disorder co-morbidity, substance dependence and severe childhood conduct disorder by Howard ET all it examines the relationship with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER and criminally reoffending g after being released. The study the article talks about aims to test the relationship between ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER and its common co morbid disorders such as substance abuse borderline personality disorder and their chance to offend and reoffend. The study follows 53 men who were in a secure treatment setting the study included a man with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER, Borderline Personality and substance disorder. The study found that people with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER than ones who were not co morbid with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER.(Howard,2013,191). The study’s conclusion is the risk of criminal recidivism can be assed with people with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER without the term psychopath being used. An also that people with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER have a high chance to reoffend even after a release from a secure facility.( Howard,2013,191). Another common co morbidly with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER is psychopathy which is another mental illness though similar to ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER but is more severe. Another article that talks about ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER and psychopathy comorbidity is

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), opposition defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) are three distinct disorders based upon their respective diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. If ODD and CD were mild forms of ASPD, then there would need to be causal relationship between the childhood manifestations of ODD and CD and the adult manifestation of ASPD. There is evidence of comorbidity between ODD and CD, and also evidence to suggest that children diagnosed with these disorders may go on to develop ASPD later in life; however, correlation does not equal causation. The three disorders have subtle but important differences in their associated behaviors, underlying causes, treatment outcomes, and neurological signs.

Furthermore, psychopathy was considered during the twentieth century, the most widely used term to describe antisocial behavior (Reed, 1996). In the 1980s, the committee who devised the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for the American Psychiatric Association recommended the term antisocial personality syndrome to be changed to antisocial personality disorder (Ellis & Walsh, 2000). Antisocial Personality Disorder Hare & McPherson (1984), were successful in pushing the idea that there is a significant correspondence between violent and persistent delinquent and criminal histories and antisocial personality disorder diagnosis. Acute persistent child conduct disorder behavior symptoms, also known as conduct disorder, have been directly linked to serious criminality and antisocial personality disorder (Ellis & Walsh, 2000). Although criminality and antisocial personality disorder ought not be equated, they should be seen as closely linked behavioral phenomena (Ellis & Walsh, 2000). Vitella (1996) believes that individuals with childhood conduct disorder have a higher than normal probability of being both criminal and diagnosed antisocial personality disorder in adolescence and adulthood, and persons with serious criminal records have a higher probability of being diagnosed psychopathic than those with little or no criminal history. Nevertheless, Ellis & Walsh (2000) in caution pointed out that these

This paper explores articles and information that describe, assess and offer theories and treatments regarding antisocial personality disorder.

Antisocial behavior is a problem that arises from the combination of several factors among which the behaviors at school, drug use, alcoholism, antisocial relationships with peers, emotional disorders, abuse, and family problems among other situations make the individuals vulnerable to develop it (Jaffee, Strait & Odgers, 2012). There is a number of literature that suggest that antisocial personality disorder is highly associated with psychopathy. In order to understand antisocial personality disorder, we first need to understand what it entails. This research paper will discuss the different aspects involved in antisocial personality disorder also known as (ASPD). The categories to be discussed are: historical context, diagnostic description, etiology, treatment, summary and discussion.

Luckily, similar to other disorders, there is a framework for antisocial personality disorder. Over the years, clinicians have assembled ways to diagnosis this chronic mental condition. Since antisocial personality disorder alters a person view of right and wrong, they must be careful and consider how long and how severe a person’s symptoms are. Antisocial personality disorder can begin “in early childhood and continue throughout adulthood”, so clinicians must be careful of complications such as drug abuse, violence, and even suicidal thoughts that could aggravate the disorder (Black, 2015). Additionally since people with the disorder do not care if the break a law, they could be a danger to themselves and people around them.

Antisocial personality disorders are immense, and psychopaths and sociopaths are just two of the various personality disorders. An antisocial personality disorders is defined as, “a type of chronic mental condition in which a person's ways of thinking, perceiving situations and relating to others are dysfunctional — and destructive.” (Mayo Clinic Staff). Sociopaths are a direct correlation to antisocial personality

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013) defines personality disorders as a pattern of internal experience and behavior that greatly differs from what is normally expected in the person’s culture. They are also considered omnipresent and inflexible that is stable and causes both distress and impairment. Antisocial personality disorder is a severe disorder of personality. It is a disorder that helps compromise the dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders, also known as the Cluster B disorders. The Cluster B disorders are also composed of borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and histrionic personality disorder. The

Family history of Antisocial personality disorder can increase the risk of the newborns being affected with the mental illness. For the environmental factors, if a child has been abused or neglected through childhood the child would have a risk of having antisocial personality disorder through to adulthood (Tuvblad and Beaver, 2014). As adulthood approaches, any jailtime, alcohol abuse or severe depression increase the risk of having antisocial personality disorder to a much higher extent. Research has been done to show that Antisocial personality disorder needs a much larger sensory input for normal brain function. Patients with antisocial personality disorder are known to have decreased pulse rates, and show less activity in the brain (Tuvblad and Beaver, 2014). The various studies of the brain suggest that the irregular brain function is a cause of antisocial behavior. The science behind the brain of a patient with antisocial personality disorder are the neurotransmitters called serotonin that is directly related with mood and social behaviour while dopamine is correlated with impulsive/aggressive behaviour (Baker, Bezdjian, and Raine, 2008). The temporal lobes and the prefrontal cortex aid in controlling the mood and the behavior of an individual. The poorly controlled brain behavior stems show an abnormal amount of serotonin and dopamine levels in the brain

To begin with some facts, Antisocial personality disorder is more common in men than women. There is a 3:1 ratio of men to women.