Sample Characterization, Identification And Performing Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Essay

As predicted the E. coli colony transformed with either the PUC18 or the lux plasmid developed an ampicillin resistance. Which made it easier for them to not only survive but also replicate in both the LB agar plates and the LB ampicillin rich agar plate. However the E. coli colony not treated with the plasmids could not survive and colonize in the LB ampicillin rich agar plates. The plate that had no ampicillin in its environment and no plasmid treated E. coli served as a positive control for this experiment because it demonstrated how the E. coli would colonize and grow in a normal setting. The cells in the positive control plate grew into lawn colonies because they were not placed into a selective environment or transformed, so they had no need to acquire ampicillin resistance. Two plates in the experiment contained E. coli cells that were transformed with either the PUC18 or the lux plasmid but were placed in an ampicillin free environment. These two colonies grew

Gene duplication and amplification is a process by which variation can be created and selected for. By understanding gene duplication and amplification, scientists can glean insight on medical conditions dealing with this genetic phenomenon. In this study, scientists use Acinetobacter baylyi to understand the effects of gene duplication and amplification and the position of the amplified

coli are picked and the plasmids are purified. The purified plasmids are used as a template for the sequencing reaction. The objective of the lab was to learn how to use the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene from a bacteria colony, also be able to run an agarose gel to visualize the resulting PCR amplifications and extract the amplified DNA from the agarose gel.

One person each in a team of four heavily inoculated two Mueller-Hinton agar plates with one of the cultures listed by aseptic transfer from a broth culture using a sterile cotton swab. Each plate was marked off into four segments, a total of eight sectors. One McFarland standard disk containing one of the eight antibiotics tested was placed, using

An unknown microorganism from three potential microbes—Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis—was determined by performing eight biochemical tests. Biochemical tests that were used to differentiate these possible microorganisms from each other were gram staining, motility with a semi-solid agar tube, oxygen requirements, catalase test, phenylalanine deaminase test, eosin methylene blue agar (EMB) and mannitol salt agar (MSA). The unknown microorganism was further clarified through a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test and basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) database. Based on all the observations of the tests, the unknown bacterium was identified as B. megaterium.

Penicillin (P-10) was measured at 0mm in diameters. There was no susceptibility. Therefore, with the zone size as 0, Escherichia coli was resistant to penicillin.

A highly conserved gene will be used to identify a prokaryotic species isolated from the body. Fundamental lab techniques will be also explored and utilized, such as amplifying using PCR, cloning, and transforming the gene into a host cell. DNA electrophoresis and specific substrate plating will serve as analysis check points. The final product will be sequenced and compared to similar species to observe phylogenetic relationships.

Adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines at University Medical Center is poor within the study period. Supporting implementation of antibiotic stewardship program and making sure that all of prophylactic antibiotics are covered by Health Insurance are importance and necessary in order to improve effectiveness and appropriateness of antibiotic prophylaxis usage

Jorde, L. B., Bamshad, M. J., White, R. L. and John C. Carey MD MPH Dr. (2006) Medical genetics updated edition for 2006 – 2007. 3rd edn. United States: Mosby.

It was also conducted to learn about the process of moving genes from one organism to another with the help of a plasmid. The control group was the -pGlo with LB and ampicillin antibiotic, and the -pGlo with LB. The experimental group was the +pGlo with LB and ampicillin antibiotic, and the +pGlo with LB, ampicillin antibiotic, and arabinose. The dependent variable was the bacteria. It had the ability to change. The independent variable is the ampicillin antibiotic and pGlo. They stand alone and are not changed by other factors. The organism used was the bacteria GIVE TYPE OF BAC. and HOW WILL THE BACTERIA BE

With the new batch of bacteria, a series of biochemical tests were performed. All the biochemical tests performed to identify two unknown bacteria were Phenol Red Broths, nitrate reduction,

Through performing bacterial transformation using the pB325 plasmid, the expected result was to see growth on all plates with +DNA (four plates) and two -DNA plates, the plates with no amp added. This was expected since +DNA E. coli were protected from amp and could grow on normal plates. The -DNA plates with amp were expected to have no growth as the E. coli were not protected against amp. The result of this experiment yielded a lawn of bacteria on all LB plates while none of the LB+amp plates yielded any growth. These results suggest that the experiment did not work as intended. This is because transforming the E. coli with pB325 plasmid was expected to offer those cells protection against amp. Thus, it can be hypothesized

Every single day, billions of different microorganisms enter through the doors of hospitals around the globe. A large majority of these infectious agents are treated through the use of antibiotics. But, what happens to the microorganisms that become resistant to the destructive effects of antibiotics? These organisms live on and continue to resist antibiotic treatment. We call these antibiotic-resistant organisms superbugs. Hospitals have become a breeding ground for superbugs. If they are not controlled, these superbugs can pose a significant threat to a hospital’s patients. Since they are impervious to standard antibiotic treatments, options are scarce and these superbugs prey on the already ill patients in the hospital.

The process when bacteria, fungi, or viruses change while exposed to antibiotics is when antimicrobial resistance happens. When this does occur, it can cause for antibiotics and other medications to become less effective.

The antimicrobic sensitivity testing was done on the isolated and identified strain of S. aureus. The Kirby-Bauer method (disk diffusion method) was done for the testing. A sample of S. aureus from TSB in 0.5 McFarland standard was inoculated on Mueller-Hinton agar and disks of vancomycin and tetracycline were placed. For vancomycin, zone of inhibition ≥15 is susceptible and ≤15 is resistant. For tetracycline, zone of inhibition ≥19 is susceptible and ≤14 is resistant (Basey & Perkins, 2016).