ABSTRACT
Firstly, the objectives of the experiment are to observe the characteristics of the flow and to compute the Reynold’s number. Using the Solteq Osbourne Reynold’s Demonstration (model FM 11) in this experiment, with different of water volume flowrate, the characteristics of the flow could be determined. The rock inside the stilling tank are to calm the inflow water so that there will not be any turbulence interfere with the experiment. The water inlet and outlet valve and dye injector utilized to generate the required flow. A dye injection system is installed on top of the header tank so that the pattern of the flow can be visualized. The characteristic of the flow is observed, there are laminar, transition and turbulent flow.
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Turbulent occur when Reynold number is above 4000. The viscosity of the fluid also determines the characteristic of the flow becoming laminar or turbulent. Fluid with lower viscosity is easier to achieve a turbulent flow condition. The viscosity of fluid is also dependent on the temperature. Laminar Flow: Laminar flow denoted a steady flow condition, where all streamlines flow parallel paths, there being no interaction(mixing) between shear planes. Under this condition, the dye observed as a solid, straight and easily identifiable component of flow. (Arif, 2010) Transition Flow: Transition flow is a mixing of laminar and turbulent flow with turbulent in the center of the pipe, and laminar flow near the edge. each of this flows behaves in different manners in terms of their fractional energy loss while flowing, and have different equations that predict their behavior. (Arif, 2010) Turbulent Flow: Turbulent flow denoted as unsteady flow condition where streamlines interact causing shear plane collapse and mixing of the fluid. In this condition, the dye observed will become disperse in the water and mix with the water. The observed dye will not be identifiable at this point. (Arif, 2010)
1.4 DESCRIPTION OF APPARATUS The Osborne Reynold’s Demonstration is one of the equipment that use for student to study or observe the flow condition. It contains a several parts; dye reservoir, dye
flow. When a reaction occurs under constant-pressure conditions, we call the heat portion of the
What two parameters are responsible for creating the movement (filtration and reabsorption) of fluid across the capillary wall?
When the resistance of a fluid increases, the flow will decrease. One example of this is gravy and milk. Gravy has a greater resistance than milk and will take longer to flow out of a pitcher. The same can be said about respiratory therapy equipment. An increase in viscosity will decrease the flow. When
1. What two parameters are responsible for creating the movement (filtration and reabsorption) of fluid across the capillary wall?
Turbulent flow is the flow of fluids in a chaotic way due to property changes. The Reynolds number is higher than that of laminar flow making it able to freely move. They create a rotational high energy movement. Eddies are a good example of turbulent flow off of jet streams. They create that vortex circular motion and are high energy to start and will
What two parameters are responsible for creating the movement (filtration and reabsorption) of fluid across the capillary wall?
Continuous process flows often refer to the continuous “flow” of a product through a product such as a liquid that is being produced from the process.
5.Position gas collecting hose so it runs from reaction vessel through gas collecting box to opening of the graduated cylinder. The idea is that any gas coming through the tube will rise in the graduated cylinder and displace the water in it.
Assuming no viscous forces present an inviscid model has been used for the calculations. Also from the equation of the Reynolds number Re=ρvl/μ due to Re being really big rearranging and assuming v and l to be constant the viscous force μ =ρvl/Re becomes negligible.
The purpose of the fluid flow meters experiment was to determine the operating characteristics of the Venturi and orifice meters. The purpose of the tray hydraulics experiment was to study the vapor and liquid tray hydraulics parameters for sieve, or perforated, trays in a distillation column. By performing experiments based on theory and comparing results to literature values, the objectives of this experiment can be achieved.
4. The flow velocity increases as the flow gets closer to the barrier wall and reduces as it moves away from the wall. This is because as the flow rate is constant (Conservation of mass) while the area of the flow cross section decreases when it gets closer to the barrier wall, the flow velocity increases. This is best understood by referring to the continuity equation,
-The Reynolds number of this experiment was then calculated using equation (4) where c is the length of the aerofoil chord and is the dynamic viscosity of air.
Flow unit = 1 order of 1 dozen the theoretical flow time is 26 minutes. This is
In this experiment, three variable flow meters are used to alter the flowrate. Changes in pressure drop due to the change in flowrate are then observed from the three pressure gauges that can measure pressure at different range and recorded. The shift from laminar flow to turbulent flow is seen from the results recorded, but it is observed more clearly from the water-soluble dye experiment that was carried out by the demonstrator. Laminar flow turns to be turbulent when the Reynolds Number goes above a certain value, around 2000.