Sampling Plan Development Guidelines And Evaluation Essay

There has been contamination found in the groundwater surrounding all four towns. The groundwater is contaminated with VOCs, trichloroethene (TCE), ethylene dibromide (EDB), carbon tetrachloride (CCI4), perchloroethylene (PCE), benzene, vinal chloride, 1,1,2,2-TeCA, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, manganese, thallium, lead, toluene, and RDX. “Ethylene dibromide is especially worry some because it was found upwelling in cranberry bogs located in Falmouth and Mashpee (militarycontamination)”. Where it would was stored in the cranberries skin. “Falmouth being the most affected area losing twenty five percent of its possible drinking water supply (wr.usgs)”. Although the plumes are deep down in the aquifer. “People could be at risk if they accidentally drink the water or come into direct contact with the contaminated groundwater (militarycontamination)”. The way towns keep the residents from coming in contact with the possible risks of

There are three main mechanisms by which the chemical composition of groundwater, which is our natural source of drinking water, may be changed: by natural processes, by man's waste-disposal practices such as those for sanitary wastes, liquid industrial wastes, solid wastes, and radioactive wastes, and by spills, leaks, and agricultural activities and other sources unrelated to disposal. The degree of risk posed by contaminants varies according to many factors. These include the volume and toxicity of the contaminant, its concentration in the aquifer, its persistence in the environment, and the degree of human and environmental exposure to the contaminant. In addition, the number of persons affected, or likely to be affected, over time and the percentage of available groundwater both locally and regionally should be taken into consideration. If the contaminants in the groundwater exceed the standards set for drinking water by the federal government, for example, then the water is hazardous for the use for which it was designated under the standards. These standards include, however, only a limited number of chemicals, and thus they do not necessarily protect humans or the environment against either the short-term or the long-term effects of every contaminant that might be found in

Natural gas is a fossil fuel that plays a critical role in the demand and supply of energy in the United States. It is considered to be a clean burning transition fuel. Compared to coal and oil, natural gas combustion does not generate as much pollution and is therefore considered an ideal partner for renewable energy resources. Natural gas is extracted from shale formations underground that require horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing – “hydrofracking” or “fracking”. This drilling and extraction method is currently considered a global widespread issue due to the rapid increase in the amount of new gas wells that threatens the quality of water around the source (Entriken, Evans-White, Johnson & Hagenbuch, 2011).

Let’s start out with the pollutants in this water. There was a surprising amount of pollution found downriver of Sioux Falls, the largest city in South Dakota. It makes sense that more pollutants would be coming from more heavily populated areas, but it doesn’t change the fact that it is harming all those around it. It is thought that a lot of this pollution is coming from the city waste

The injection wells are between faults and in very close range to each other where other wells are spread out more. Frohlich’s research indicates the yellow squares are wells that receive a maximum monthly injection exceeding 150,000 barrels of water per month. However, this does not explain the several earthquakes that have occurred in the DFW area with a well near all of the epicenters or why there are not more earthquakes at the Parker and Tarrant County / Johnson County lines. The sudden earthquakes in North Texas are a mystery and all of the research either point at hydraulic fracturing itself or the wastewater.

Richard Smith, Richard Alexander, and M.Gordon Wolman, Water Quality Trends in the Nation's Rivers. 235 Science 1607, 1987.

I infer that the water quality was affected more by other factors. The two sites with about the same amount of human activity were McKinney Falls State Park and Bulls Creek. On the other hand, Wild Basin swimming is not allowed. Our results showed that the order from greatest to least amount of nitrate and phosphorous concentration was Bulls Creek, McKinney Falls, and Wild Basin at the lowest. Hence, because Bulls Creek was had the high amounts of human activity and nitrate and phosphorous levels, this relates

The article, "PFOS found almost 31 times EPA's advisory level at Issaquah well", is about an incident that happened in Issaquah, WA where the wells in the city displayed a level high of perfluorooctane sulfonate. The displayed level of PFOS was extremely higher than the advisory level provided by the Enviornmental Protection Agency. The Monitoring Wells No. 6, 5 and 3 were all tested for PFOS, and the results for all three wells were higher than EPA's standards. The Eastside Fire and Rescue headquarters is believed to be the source of the PFOS because Monitoring Well No. 5 and 6 are located "about 500 feet downgradient" from the headquarters. The soil of Eastside Fire and Rescue have been sampled three times, and all three samples contained

Since I live in the Texoma area the majority of our drinking water comes from Lake Texoma. I think the three sources of groundwater contamination that might affect groundwater in my area would be human-made materials that are littered into the lake, agricultural activities, and human/animal wastes. There are a lot of people in the area who like to go fishing near the lake and drinking alcoholic beverages. These people throw their beer cans and all of their trash into the lake. They also urinate and defecate into the lake as well. There are many nearby farms and ranches to the lake and with all of the flooding water has run-off from these areas back into the lake.

The main concern was that during rain storms oil and water would overflow into the sewage drains. In 1973 representative of Bureau of Water Pollution Control inspected the site and had concerns of the oil lakes around the site. Overall, the refinery was going back and forth with numerous inspectors who had concerns and due to not produce results of a cleaner area. They were eventually also fined for discharging their wastes into a nearby lagoon which eventually harmed nearby waterways during raining seasons. The USEPA reported that the company should be imposed for criminal and civil penalties. Robert Mahler was eventually issued to ensure he would force a cleanup of the

Michigan has an environmental liability program that allows new owners of a contaminated area to conduct field assessments and if the site is contaminated, the new owners are not liable. The state has spent nearly $18 million dollars already and is in need of another $10 million for investigation and alternative water options. However, in an article recently published by the Michigan House of Republicans, funds to pay for the initial phase of a solution has been authorized. The solution is to upgrade the Mancelona Area Water & Sewer Authority’s (MAWAS) wells, fields, and water mains. The purpose is to ensure that Antrim county residents in affected areas, have access to clean water. Many of them were being supplied with bottled water. There are roughly 1,500 properties in the MAWAS servicing area that receive their drinking water from the public system. The funds are to help pay for the construction of new water storage tanks, the installation of a pressure booster station, and a connecting water main which will help manage the impact of the TCE plume on the well

One of the things that the commission need to keep in mind while deciding will be that the drilling sites will be located near the Ogallala Aquifer. This is one of the biggest aquifers in the world which means polluting the aquifer could have a large impact on hundreds of people’s drinking water. The commission has assured the community that they have used better equipment to protect the pipes so they do not leak. However, the members of the community have little to no faith after seeing how filthy the water still is that’s in the ground. However, with the new equipment the oil company has promised to use the Nebraska residents might feel safer (Hayden).

Swarm, Frack F. "Fracking and Water Pollution." - SourceWatch. Fracking and Water Pollution, 26 Aug. 2015. Web. 31 Aug. 2015.With the public worried about a lot of water being used in fracking, oil and gas drilling. Some of the companies have begun to reusing and recycling the usedwater. The natural-gas company uses many different ways of recycle drilling wastewater. Some of the drillers have used recycling equipment at the well site or has been shipped to a water recycling facility. When the water is received the used water is then filtered, evaporated, and then distilled. It will then be used again at the well. Other companies may add some fresh water to the used water, to dilute the salts and other contaminants,

The amended remedy will be most effective and permanent in the long term, provided LTM and maintenance and 5-year reviews occur, and the groundwater use restriction boundary is maintained. Although it does not reduce contaminant toxicity, mobility, or volume through treatment, the amended remedy controls the exposure pathways and monitors contaminant concentrations and migration. This amended remedy is readily implemented because equipment and services are available. The present-worth cost is proportional to its overall

Interactions between groundwater and surface water are complex. Consequently, groundwater pollution, sometimes referred to as groundwater contamination, is not as easily classified as surface water pollution.[7] By its very nature, groundwater aquifers are susceptible to contamination from sources that may not directly affect surface water bodies, and the distinction of point vs. non-point source may be irrelevant. A spill or ongoing releases of chemical or radionuclide contaminants into soil (located away from a surface water body) may not create point source or non-point source pollution, but can contaminate the aquifer below, defined as a toxin plume. The movement of the plume, a plume front, can be part of a Hydrological transport model or Groundwater model. Analysis of groundwater contamination may focus on the soil characteristics and site geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, and the nature of the contaminants.