San Pedro Pellado Volcanic Complex by Davidson, Ferguson, Colucci, and Dungan

Copper-zinc (VMS-type?) mineralized zones were discovered in Archean volcanic rocks in the southern part of North Williams Township by Metron Explorations Limited in 1970. The mineralized zone and surrounding area were evaluated with a HLEM survey and drilled with 2 DDHs (totaling 61.3 m) that did not intercept significantly mineralized rocks (Willars, 1971).

The west coast of North America has been tectonically and volcanically active for billions of years. The Sierra Nevada Mountains in eastern California were born of volcanoes, and magma has been erupting in the Long Valley to the east of the mountains for over three million years (Bailey, et. al., 1989). However, the climactic eruption of the region occurred relatively recently in the region's geologic history. About 760,000 years ago, a huge explosion of magma warped the Eastern Sierra into the landscape that exists today. The eruption depleted a massive magma chamber below the earth's surface so that the ceiling of the chamber imploded, forming what is now known as

Cenozoic sedimentary rocks predominated to the west and east of the central mountain while plutonic rocks predominated in the peninsular ranges. The irregular contact between these geologic regions reflects the ancient topography of the area. The ancient oceanic crustal plate created an archipelago of a volcanic island. The former's subduction created immense volumes of magma. This resulted to the congealation of plutonic rock in the crust. The local rocks that existed before the tectonic forces uplifted, and erosion capped the deeply buried plutonic rocks that formed a steep and rugged mountains coastline, similar to that present one, which in the west coast of south America.

Next, we can see that the rock displays a subtle porphyritic texture with plagioclase comprising the phenocrysts. The overall texture of the surrounding groundmass is granoblastic equigranular. Under thin section we also see a weakly defined foliation evidenced in the preferential alignment of actinolite grains and to a lesser extent chlorite grains. Undulose extinction is also observed in quartz indicating the rock was subject to deformation. The normalized quartz, alkali-feldspar, and plagioclase (QAP) values of this rock indicate that it is classified as a grano-diorite according to the IUGS QAPF classification system which is consistent with the hand sample interpretation.

A period of volcanism resulted in igneous intrusions within the Raton Basin-Sierra Grande Uplift Province that was sourced from the upper mantle about 26. 6 billion years ago and is associated with parallel dikes and sills (Higley, 2007). Igneous rocks are common within the Raton Basin and include Tertiary dikes and sills that range in age from 6.7 to 29 5 million years ago (Flores and Bader, 1999). One of the main differences between dikes and sills is that dikes are longer lived magma conduits and sills are features that form when magma is in neutral buoyancy with the surrounding rock (Rooper et al., 2006). These volcanic events are associated with hydrothermal alteration of coal within the basin (Higley, 2007).

It is minimal realized that lying underneath one of The United States biggest and most beautiful National Parks - Yellowstone Park - is one of the biggest "super volcanoes" on the planet. Every year, a huge number of guests come to respect the hot springs and fountains of Yellowstone, the Nation's first national park. Few are mindful that these miracles are powered by hotness from a vast repository of incompletely liquid rock (magma), simply a couple of miles underneath their feet. As this magma-which drives one of the world's biggest volcanic frameworks climbs, it pushes up the Earth's hull underneath the Yellowstone Plateau.

The Sangre de Cristo Mountains are a structurally complex block having a Precambrian igneous core that is bounded by major, high-angle reverse faults and highly contorted, steeply dipping to overturned sedimentary beds of Paleozoic and Mesozoic age. The range resulted from uplift and eastward thrusting during the Laramide orogeny commencing in Late Cretaceous time and continuing intermittently to possibly late Tertiary time (Wanek and Read, 1956).

A loud morning for some residents in small Mexican as villages, as clouds of ash and smoke shield the sun, and mandatory evacuations are in full effect. Hundreds have been moved from their homes for fear that the small eruption from an active Mexican could escalate into a much larger event, which could endanger lives on a much larger scale.

About 7,700 years ago, Mount Mazama erupted on itself after building upon itself and reaching an impressive height of 12,000 feet. The aftermath of the collapse left a crater more than 2000 feet deep and 6 miles wide (Reichmann)! The rocks and minerals from the Mount Mazama

Seagulls flying in the sky on top of the golden sandy beach. Palm trees stand tall and strong. This is Hawaii, home to the great Mauna Loa. Mauna Loa is the largest volcano on earth. It is also one of the five volcanoes that created the beautiful island known as Hawaii. This shield volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in the world! The name Mauna Loa means “Long Mountain” in Hawaiian. Whenever this giant volcano erupts, it's usually extremely hazardous, threatening its surroundings. Mauna Loa may be very large and dangerous, but it is quite fascinating!

Lane County Historical Society 28, no.1 (Spring 1983): 16-28. “Igneous Rocks.” Living With Volcanic Past. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/LivingWith/ VolcanicPast/Notes/igneous_rocks.html (accessed May 23, 2012). International Correspondence Schools.

Early Holocene deposition postdates latest Pleistocene volcanic eruptions at Cerro Pomo cinder cone and Zuni Salt Lake maar (Appendix A). Unit 1 deposition began prior to ~10.2 ka, ending by ~7.5 ka in piedmont areas and by 7.1 ka in valley contexts. Early Holocene aggradation was followed by a brief depositional hiatus and period of soil formation perhaps

The active volcano that I chose to research is Popocatepetl volcano. Popocatepetl volcano is an active volcano located in Mexico. The volcano is oftentimes referred to as “El Popo” by many Mexicans. El Popo is a composite cone volcano. Being a composite cone volcano, El Popo is characterized by a steep cone shape, which was created by many composite layers of material pouring out over numerous eruptions. The lava that comes out of El Popo is extremely viscous. The highly viscous lava does not travel very far, and typically cools down rapidly. Scientists believe that El Popo is about 730,000 years old. It has erupted more than 15 times since 1519. In 1994 El Popo produced gas and ash, which caused nearby towns to evacuate. The toxic

Our principle should approve a field trip to Lava Bed National Monument. He should approve a field trip to the monument, because it seems like a wonderful place we should go on for our field trip. The Lava Bed National Monument is between the states of California and Oregon, but it is actually located in the state of California. That is a very long, extensive drive, but the national monument is worth to take the time out and go to. The Lava Bed National Monument is 47,000 acres. That is a very enormous monument and it has only 130,000 visitors each year, which is not a massive amount of visitors. It does not get as much tourists as its neighboring national parks or

However, it was not until the second half of the 20th century that three major discoveries began to suggest how this might be possible. In 1948, a survey of the floor of the Atlantic Ocean revealed a continuous ridge running largely north to south. IT was around 1,000km wide and reaching heights of 2.5km. It was composed of volcanic rocks. Similar submarine mountain ranges were later found in the Pacific Ocean extending for over 5,000km. Magnetic surveys of the ocean floor in the 1950’s showed surprisingly regular patterns of palaeomagnetic striping about the ridges. When lavas erupt on the ocean floor, magnetic domains within iron-rich minerals in the lava are aligned with the magnetic field of the earth. This is fixed as the lava cools, and unless the rocks undergo major disturbance, they continue to record the earth’s polarity at the time of their cooling. However, as the earth’s polarity reverses around every 400,000 years, bands or stripes of normal and reverse polarity rocks are mirrored on either side of the mid-ocean ridges. This suggests that new rocks are being added equally on either side.