Sannai-Maruyama

From 30 BC to 300 AD is known as the Yayoi Period, and is the time when rice was introduced to the Islands of Japan. With agriculture now involved, social classes developed with landowners starting to create factions with followers underneath them. The most influential leader of this time is believed to be Queen Himiko, who ruled Japan as it gained advances such as iron working from other developing countries. The formation of the first true governing body of Japan was in the Kofun Period, which spanned 300 to 538. From 538 to 710, the Asuka Period introduced the Oni’s supposed creators, the religion of Buddhism. It also marked the end of Early Japan, and the several different Periods after would be much longer and hold many more events, changes in power, all the while shaping and molding Japan’s culture into what it is today. In the year 710, Nara, the first Japanese capital as built. Large Buddhist monasteries were scattered around the city, spreading the religion’s influence. This influence continued to grow to such a strong position, that the capital had to be moved to the city of Nagaoka in 784. Later, the capital was moved again, where it would remain in Heian, current day Kyoto, for over a thousand years. This time period is believed to be when the Oni myth and story was first created, if not

Evidence of almost 100 of the stones has revealed without the need to excavate the site, due to remote sensing, ground-penetrating radar and geographical imaging technologies. These advancements in science and technology allow researchers to discover the historical monuments full extent. Fragments of bones, stones and the foundation pits in which they were situated have all been uncovered during excavations and technological mapping indicating the true size and importance the site was to the Neolithic

|1500 CE |Early Woodland Period. Use of pottery and building of earth tombs emerges especially in the Mississippi |

The artwork Blinded by the Light (1991) by Yasumasa Morimura is an appropriation of Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s The Blind Leading the Blind (1568) (Israel, 2005). Morimura has appropriated paintings and photographs throughout the ages, though The Blind Leading the Blind is the earliest dated work that Morimura has appropriated (Marsh, Watts, & Maylon, 1999). Morimura super-imposes a composite self-portrait on top of Bruegel’s painting, successfully changing the meaning of the piece. The different historical contexts of the two pieces in conjunction with appropriation allow the accumulation of ideas to present two separate meanings pertinent to the ideals of the times. Morimura’s simultaneous use of the historical and religious aspects of The

throughout the first half of the 1900s. The temple was built as Japanese exhibit hall in 1933 for

In recent years, ancient burial grounds have been frequently disturbed due to increasing surveillance by anthropologists and constructed on by state-of-the-art technology and are more critically protected than ever before. Understanding the importance of burial grounds gives an insight on the rich history of ancient Hawaii. They have influenced the burials performed, ancestors and their modern inhabitants, and how they have impacted modern Hawaii. Burial methods will range from the tallest peaks on land to burying those in the ocean. Ancestors influence these methods depending on their rank and actions, having their modern descendants have a choice to inherit these arrangements and protect their ancestors.

The first time I heard about the Mound Builders, which was in this class, these people seemed like a very primitive group. What was so exciting about having the skill of piling up a bunch of dirt. Then I was able to see some of these mounds and the scale was nothing I had imagined. These mounds were huge and also contained distinct structural shapes. Tombs, houses, and religious structures were constructed in or on top of the mounds. What made the edifices even more amazing was the time period they were built. Constructed all the way back to 3000 B.C., the mounds rivaled the most advanced engineering techniques in the world.

This essay will aim to cover several archaeology techniques and methodologies that would have been used during excavation of archeological sites, in particular the New Kinord site. These methods will provide an insight into a wide range of information that I am interested in discovering. These include what the inhabitants of the site did for a living, their diet and how the term of occupation can be determined.

8000- 500 BC was known as the “Archaic period.” During this period, mound building was a very common custom. Many of the mounds were built to elevate the village’s central ritual sites. The “Woodland period” (500 BC- AD 800)

From the area that was excavated a total of 30,306 artifacts were excavated from the abandonment deposit. Of these 58.09% related to building materials, 1.15% were classified as ceramics, 30.78% were classified as ecological, .29% were classified as farmware, 3.02% were classified as glass, .56 % was classified as munitions, 1.6% as personal, .17% as general tools and 4.34% as utensils. The focal point of the following review of the data will be on the use of space in terms of foodstuffs, general working areas, and

The ‘Sengoku period’ or the ‘warring states period’ is known as the period of time before Japan’s unification. Once unified, the government was known as the Tokugawa Shogunate which continued from 1603 to 1867. Unknown author of popular Japanese website, Nakasendoway

The Ainu are originally historically residents of Hokkaido, Japan’s nothernmost large island, their origins mostly unknown but theorists believe that a people called the Yayoi made their way to the island nation through means unknown and integrated themselves with an indigenous population called colloquially the Jomon-jin or “Rope Pattern People” so called for the distinctive appearance of various pieces ofi neolithic pottery found in ancient burial sites. Though it can be stated that the Yayoi didn’t reach as far as Shakalin or Kamchatka which has allowed the Ainu culture to survive in those areas, though the Kamchatke Ainu have been extinct since prehistory. There are Ainu myths that claim that “They lived in this place one hundred thousand years before the Children of the Sun came.” Their rich culture aside, the Japanese government has for hundreds of years and only stopped recently pursuing both officially and unofficially

The largest mound discovered in North America is Monks Mound in Cahokia, located outside of present day St. Louis and covers more than eighteen acres and is over one hundred feet tall (3). Made with locally quarried soils and built in stages over the course of a century or more, these mounds served as platforms for building, stages for religious and social activities and some were even used as cemeteries (1). It is believed that natives often occupied pre-existing settlements where the previous chiefdom had died out and the site had been abandoned; the reoccupying of these sites lead to the buildup of the earth mounds. Mounds were formed in the shape similar to a pyramid with the top cut off leaving a platform on the summit. Mounds were used to define the public space of the settlements plaza. The chief’s house was always on the largest mound in the settlement. If the mound was large enough a temple could be added or even a mortuary house so natives could prepare their dead. If the chief’s mound was not big enough then the temple mound would be adjacent to the chief’s mound in the plaza so that they would face each other (2).

Monk’s Mound is the largest earthwork in the United States, but the reason for why this one Mississippian mound stands out from all others has been a point of confusion for archaeologists. In the 1960s, researches started to investigate the mound to understand the mound’s relation to the Mississippian mound building culture. During this initial research, there were nine cores samples taken that showed that Monk’s Mound was constructed in 14 stages in the span of 250 years (De Pastino 2015). It was initially thought that the mound was built like many other Mississippian mounds, through loading baskets from a nearby source with dirt, then stacking them up, and flattening the top of the mound. However, this idea was contested in 2005 when a part of the mound collapsed (De Pastino 2015). Archaeologists, Schilling and Lopino, took twenty-two samples from the mound interior that became exposed due to the collapse; these researches studied the soil to understand the construction of the mound. What they found was that the soil that comprised the mound was relatively fresh and contained undisturbed plant material, there was little carbonized material, this is a sign that the soil did not sit at the surface long and was buried quickly (De Pastino

civilization took course over thousands of years . There was a particularly interesting time when humans lived in what were referred to as ]pit dwellings]. During this time, humans were prone to eating only animals that were easily caught, with a general lack of complex grains or other vegetation in their diets. They used rudimentary tools, with sharp edges, for digging what would be their pit. These were typically 6=14 feet in diameter, and in later years were found to have elements of connection, forming make shift