Sarcoidosis Case Study

Sarcoidosis is a disease caused by inflammation happens in the lymph nodes, lungs liver, eyes, skin, and other tissues. The disease can affect almost every organ inside or out. Although the most common form of it is in pulmonary sarcoidosis, found in lungs, about 90 percent of cases of in the lungs. When a person gets this disease tiny clumps, granulomas form in the affect organs in the body. Granulomas are cluster of immune cells. When are too many granulomas form in an organ it affects how the organ works. Doctors think people with sarcoidosis have genes that make it easier for them to get the disease. Things that might trigger it are infections, bacteria, viruses, dust, or chemicals. Scientists also believe that sarcoidosis is immune

We report a 20-year-old Caucasian female with no significant past medical history presents with sore throat, body aches and high-grade fevers for two weeks. On examination, she is febrile, tachycardic and noted to have slight induration around anterior aspect of the neck, and cervical lymphadenopathy. She had elevated white cell count with left shift and thrombocytopenia. Chest x-ray showed multifocal nodular infiltrates suspicious for septic emboli (image 1). She was treated for presumed sepsis with broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Sarcoidosis is a rare multi-organ granulomatous inflammatory disease that can affect virtually any organ in the body. It causes the immune system to become heightened and damages the body’s own tissues. The archetypal feature of sarcoidosis is the formation of granulomas which are essentially microscopic clumps of inflammatory cells that have grown together.(“Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research,” n.d.) It is universally characterized by T-lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes of the granulomas.(Houston & Mukherjee, 2014) CS occurs when the formation of granulomas and inflammation develop in the heart. CS can occur secondary to Sarcoidosis or more rarely as a clinically isolated incident. Approximately 1-5% of Sarcoid patient will develop

Twenty to thirty percent of patients with the disease affect their Cardio system. Twenty three to thirty percent of patients have complete heart block while twenty five-sixty five percent of patients wind up with congestive Heart failure. Seventy percent of the patients that have sarcoidosis and have the affects in their lungs have swollen lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are used throughout your body to filter out harmful substances. Sarcoidosis can be diagnosed during an x-ray exam. The x-ray will show shadows from the swollen lymph nodes around the lungs. This is not always an effective way to determine if it is sarcoidosis the patient has, because when the lymph nodes are swollen it just means something isn’t right with the body. The symptoms this disease as well as the x-ray can point to other issue such cancer.

This paper will explore the research of sarcoidosis and several journal articles that I found to gain research from. In those articles I learned about what sarcoidosis is and how the economy will benefit from sarcoidosis. There are several articles, however, that vary in their definitions and different diagnosis and advances dealing with Sarcoidosis. Often times people mistake eczema or other serious health related issues for sarcoidosis. I chose to research sarcoidosis because my grandfather was diagnosed with sarcoidosis in 1999 and ultimately passed away in 2011. Sarcoidosis wasn’t the only health related issue that caused his death. Sarcoidosis was the primary factor as to why he ended up passing away but with him having sarcoidosis for so long it caused him to have other major health related issues as well. After having sarcoidosis for about eight years he developed irregular heart beat, prostate cancer, and bruising on his liver. He battled all of these health conditions until his passing in 2011. With him having irregular heart beat, he was always tired and his sleep patterns were always off. I remember the last five years of my grandfather’s life. He was on oxygen twenty-four hours a day and even

This started since she came back from her visit to India in this summer. Initially she suffered from joint pains, severe body aches, fevers and chills on daily basis. I took her to a Hematology and Oncology clinic where the doctor saw her condition and suspected that she might have a cancer. After running hundreds of tests, fortunately the doctors have confirmed that there is no presence of Blood Cancer. However, she was diagnosed with following viruses:

As previously stated, Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown cause, and scientists are continuously researching its exact origins. Scientists know that immune cells emit chemicals that signal other cells to come protect an organ from a toxic substance. Subsequently, this causes inflammation in one’s body. In Sarcoidosis patients, this swelling does not recede but forms granulomas of immune cells on an organ. Some scientists theorize that an external trigger such as bacteria or dust may lead to the onset of symptoms. Also, research strongly supports that Sarcoidosis occurs from the genetic inheritance of mutations in multiple genes. Gene mutations are changes in one or few nucleotides in a single gene. One gene affiliated with Sarcoidosis is gene

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease characterised by small inflammatory nodules (granulomas) that affect the lungs and lymph nodes. Although it may occur at any age, it most commonly affects the 20-40 age group, and has familial tendencies. It is an autoimmune disease and the exact cause is unknown, but it is of current belief that the cause may be an infective agent or an allergy working in combination with susceptible genes. However, there is no evidence to support this theory; research is ongoing. Many people with sarcoidosis have no symptoms. Others have lung symptoms such as a dry hacking cough and shortness of breath, or eye and skin problems. Types of skin lesions that may occur include plaques, erythema nodosum (reddish, painful, tender

Nocardia is an opportunistic organism usually diagnosed in immunocompromised hosts. Nocardia infection is rarely documented in patients with underlying sarcoidosis. Our case illustrates that a diagnosis of Nocardia infection may be difficult and requires a high index of suspicion. The diagnosis is radiographically elusive in patients with chronic lung changes due to sarcoidosis. Nocardiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with symptomatic worsening of chronic sarcoidosis. Appropriate acid fast or fungal cultures should be sent for microbiologic

The symptoms vary from intermittent episodes of expectoration and infection localised to the region of

Sarcoidosis being a systemic disease can show varied presentations. Though respiratory system, musculoskeletal system and skin are are the commonly affected, sarcoidosis can involve any other organ to begin with. High index of suspiscion is needed to diagnose a case of sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis of liver and spleen are usually silent and present as raised LFT, spleenomegaly and granulomas detected on radiological scans. Histological eveidence of noncaseating granuloma is the diagnostic test for sarcoidosis. ACE levels are elevated in sarcoidosis but are not specific for diagnosis and correlate more with severity of disease in presence of respiratory involvement. Extra pulmonary multisystem presentation as a triad of liver spleen and bone marrow

Blood test showed increase inflammatory markers with ESR 51mm, CRP 23.3 mg/l, normal fool blood count, liver function test and creatinin. Urate 631 mmol/l. HLA B27

Sarcoidosis is a multi-systemic granulomatous disease, as it is characterized by the formation of noncaseating granuloma in many tissues and organs. The etiology of the disease is unknown; however, certain studies suggest that this disease occurs due to alteration in immune system in genetically predisposed individuals when exposed to certain environmental factors. The immunological alteration is in the form of the development of cell-mediated response to an unrecognized antigen by the body. The immunological process is carried out by CD4+ T helper cell. Infectious agents such as virus, fungi, mycobacteria and borrelia; are examples of antigens but with no sure evidence. Sarcoidosis is inherited with certain human leukocyte antigen genotypes.

After the patient had present with the above signs and symptoms, further investigation was required and so was subsequently ordered by the clinician. These further tests consisted of; Blood film, taken from the vessels of the patient and analysed using light microscopy. Plasma Urea, also obtained via a blood sample from the patient which investigates the levels of Blood Urea Nitrogen to rule out renal complications. Microbiological CFU dipstick, placed into a sample of the patients urine to determine whether any urinary tract infection was present and which microorganism may be the cause (if present). Total Protein obtained from a patient’s blood sample, which can highlight any increases in Albumin and Globulin proteins outside of a normal range and so can indicate abnormal synthesis of proteins, and finally a Bone Marrow Biopsy, to investigate any possible abnormalities of the cells contained in the patient’s bone marrow. The patient also received numerous CT

On examination, the physician listened to CW’s lungs, noting there was diminished lung sounds with crackling. Chest X-ray showed acute pneumonia in both lungs. The physician also noted swelling in CW’s chest and neck area (Cunha, 2015). Blood was drawn with a heparinized vacutainer tube and a serum separator vacutainer for serology, and reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain raction testing. While CW was in intubation there were lung tissue samples obtained for the immunohistochemistry. The serum lab results showed, on a smear, there was evidence of immature leukocytes (Cunha, 2015), as well as an increase in virus-specific IgM. An acute-and