Saudi Labor Market : Saudi

Masculinity-femininity dimension describes the gap between the roles of men and women in the culture (Ball 100). Saudi Arabia is a masculine society meaning that both men are typically more assertive and competitive. Although there aren’t as many women working in Saudi Arabia, the women that do work are considered to be assertive and competitive, just like their male counterparts. An American would need to keep this in mind in regards to management because the culture expects management to be decisive and assertive (The Hofstede Center).

Persian Gulf Development Literature Oil Curse Literature Arab and Islamic Factors Regional Ovemiew and Historical Background Dubai's Development History

Saudi Arabia is one of the most conservative Islamic states. The Islam is the religion that dominates all aspects of the citizen’s lives. The Islamic interpretations effects the politics, economics, businesses, and communications with other nations. For instance, Saudi Arabia and The United States have different views

The Islamic religious beliefs are used to shape the developing children in the country. The children in the Saudi grow in an environment where business is integrated business with the religion.

This unitary Islamic absolute monarchy “possesses 18 per cent of the world’s proven petroleum reserves and ranks as the largest exporter of petroleum” (OPEC, 2015), also is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The oil production is responsible for about 50% of the Gross Domestic Product, and about 85% of export earnings (OPEC). Although it is the world’s greatest exporter, its GDP per capita is only $24,454. Saudi Arabia ranks weakly on the Human Development Index as number 59 of the 182 states in the world, and it is only number 8 between the other MENA countries. Although Saudi Arabia’s elite is very wealthy and large, a great portion of the population barely receives profits from the state's wealth. It is ranked as not free relating to civil liberties and also ranked as suffering hard from corruption. Also, the political parties in Saudi Arabia are banned, and political organizations that oppose may only exist outside the country (Freedom House, 2015). Even before the discovery of oil, the family that was in power depended on the merchants of Jeddah, a Saudi Arabian city, to collect their taxes. When oil was discovered in Saudi Arabia, that is when the country started to develop, just like the United Arab Emirates. It can be said that if a country has strong institutions, stable economy, and a flexible political system, they

Canada has always been a multicultural country. It is well known as a country that accepts diversity and depending heavily on immigration for its population growth. The largest groups of immigrants to Canada are from Asian and Middle Eastern countries. This fact has remained virtually unchanged since the 2001 census (Potter et al., 2014, p.110). Although Canada demonstrates gender equality to some degree among the various different cultures it has, however, gender inequality exists among many countries. Gender inequality exits to a varying extent in all societies and differs over time, across social and ethnic groups (Mobaraki & Söderfeldt, 2010). In Saudi Arabia, the system of governance is a monarchy, with its constitution governed by strict interpretation of the Islamic laws (Mobaraki & Söderfeldt, 2010). In Saudi Arabia, women’s roles and rights can be evaluated by examining the local interpretation of the Islamic laws, through: education, job opportunity, marriage, polygamy and fertility (Mobaraki & Söderfeldt, 2010).

Qatar is a small country with a steadily increase in the population rate, from 676,000 thousand in 2000 to 1.5 million in 2010, which shows an escalation by more than one million over a period of ten years (QSA , 2011). The cause of change in the population percentage lies on the elevated standard of living, which includes average wages Hukoomi (2014), health care and world class education system. Their wealth led to driving infrastructure investments and nation-building projects, which require workers support from around the globe (Harkness & Khaled, 2014). However, despite this rapid socioeconomic development within a short period of time, Qatar is trying to preserve and maintain their cultural essence and inherited position.

With an average 5 migrant workers to every Qatari citizen, Qataris are born with people from other foreign countries working for them in all streams of life. However, with the south Asian and

In this light, it is also undeniable that there are various economic issues being faced by countries in the Middle East. One of the main issues, as earlier pointed out, pertains to the fact

d. Thesis Statement: women in Saudi Arabia are deprived many rights, such as driving and social restrictions, as well as negative economical and psychological effects

Saudis accord a lot of importance to their heritage and their families are usually large and extended. They take their responsibility towards their family quite seriously and hiring someone they trust for help is very common.

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (K.S.A) is an absolute monarch and the education system is being governed by the Ministry of Education. Ministry of Education only employees Saudi Nationals, most of these employees are hired not based on their experience and qualification but chosen from a few and limited individuals based on their strong connection to monarchy, politics and status. Islam is the official religion of K.S.A and Arabic is the main language. There is a rapid increase in the opening of English language schools and often or not can be seen as a huge factor towards securing a job if Saudi Nationals can speak English, however, there are still limitations in the country as the older generation are unable to speak English and still

Saudi Arabia earns around $360bn annually net exports; this is at $115 per barrel (The Economist,2014) This will be half if the price remains at $60 per barrel. The budget is now at the red line, and this is a catastrophe, since it will be decades to revive from such economic mess. In the short run, there will be no big deal, the country may go deep in the pocket to finance its budget, while in the medium term, it will hurt the economy, leading to less expenditures. This may not go well with the outlook of the citizens. Long term effect may be taxation, and less expenditure. The expenditure may be cut down as it was in mid 1980s, and this will be a draconian austerity to face. The exorbitant political patronage as it has been in the Sunni world will face rough times to prop up the likes of Egypt. The only item that still holds them together in this medieval regime may be the social spending, but still there is terrorist attacks and Yemen invasion, reported by Forbes (2015). The current reserves may go down by close or more than $200bn in the year 2018, and this will cause capital flight. The current trap is hard and dealing with Russia alone to cut on the output alone will bring more shale production in the years to come.

This paper will discuss in detail the problem of unemployment in Saudi Arabia, the increasing unemployment rates, background of Hafiz program, its benefits, expected outcomes and the response of Saudi citizens regarding Hafiz program. Furthermore, the relationship between two variables; unemployment rates and Hafiz program will also be discussed.

In order to establish sustainable human resources in Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Higher Education launched the King Abdullah Scholarship Program in 2005. Students are sent in developed nations around the world to study baccalaureate, masters, and doctorate programs in diverse areas of specialization (Alamri, 2011). The program, which made the country one of the top four in the world