Schizophrenia Case Study Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia Nervosa is the other eating disorder Kesha suffered from. The APA describes bulimia as eating in “..excessive quantities, then [purging] their bodies of the food and calories they fear by using laxatives, enemas, or diuretics; vomiting; or exercising.” Bulimia is more common in young women, but can also occur with young men. Because it involves purging the food after eating, the person with the disorder is usually aware of the problem and can feel guilty about it. The National Library of Medicine states that bulimia can be caused by a number of things, including “genetic, psychological, trauma, family, society, or cultural factors.” Symptoms include immediate trips to the restroom after eating, excessive exercise, eating large amounts of food in one sitting (binging), and using laxatives. Bulimia can cause dehydration, gingivitis, worn enamel on the teeth, pancreatitis, tears in the esophagus, and broken blood vessels in the eyes. A person with bulimia may only eat in secret, or eat large sums of food in one sitting. This can cause discomfort and purging can either cause relief or guilt. Support groups, therapy, and antidepressants may be used to treat a person with bulimia. Hospitalization or inpatient treatment is rarely necessary unless another disorder accompanies the bulimia.

Andrea has learned to cope with life stressors by binge eating food, so Andrea needs to learn healthier coping skills. In addition, it is important that Andrea sees a medical doctor as well as a therapist because her binge eating has already led her to obesity, which has its own physical risks like type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, arthritis, chronic pain, hypertension, and ulcers (Bulik, Trace, Kleiman & Mazzeo, p. 499, 2014). It would be irresponsible as a counselor or a medical doctor to treat Andrea with just talk therapy or just medication. Andrea needs a holistic approach that will target her disordered eating through cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, nutritional counseling, and possibly psychotropic medications to help with depression, anxiety, obsession and compulsion. Since many people who suffer with BED have a history that dates back to their childhood (Bulik, Trace, Kleiman & Mazzeo, p. 499, 2014), it is vital that a counselor explores this start with talk

Ms. Deyo is a 35 year old Caucasian female who was referred to MCM by Stephanie Antkowiak from the Arc of High Point. Ms. Antkowiak contacted MCM with concern for Ms. Deyo expressing today she was ready to end her life. MCM Dispatcher contacted Ms. Deyo who denies suicidal ideation, homicidal ideation, and symptoms of psychosis. Ms. Deyo reported what she said to Ms. Antkowiak was taking the wrong way. She reported having a lack of supports, is experiencing chronic pain, and trying to receive services. QP responded to call to see what services may be available to assist Ms. Deyo in her crisis.

On the 19th December the patient was transferred from Daisy Hill Hospital to a specialist Neurosurgical unit in the Royal Victoria Hospital. On admission to the neurosurgical unit the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was 14/15 and she had no neurological deficits with the nerve, spinal cord, or brain function, although she was still complaining of neck stiffness and pain in head. Although the CT scans showed no evidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage, due to her very strong history the patient was referred for further imaging through angiogram techniques. This included use of catheters inserted under the skin to provide a contrast material which was detected through the use of magnetic resonance imaging scans (M.R.I). The results for these again showed no evidence of a recent bleed.

Differences - I could not distinguish any variations in the textbook description of anxiety. All patient S/S were spot on.

Epigenetic’s is a term that describes everything that happens in the gene expression process that is above the genome. The epigenetic process is typically due to histone modification, CpG island methylation, RNA associated silencing, and some other factors. The process is triggered via cell-to-cell signaling, neighborhood cells sending signals, physiology, and environment. The epigenetic change can be transient, permanent, or heritable. In my chosen paper, the researchers are looking into how the social environment can ‘get into the mind’ in a way that results in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder (MDD), post-dramatic stress disorder (PTSD), anorexia nervosa, and substance dependence. Even though the review article covers five types of mental disorders, I’m going to focus on schizophrenia and anorexia nervosa. Overtime, research has shown a robust relation between the social environment and the prevalence of mental illness. In large western cities, like NYC, there is a higher frequency in those that have schizophrenia, increased labor stress helps facilitate MDD development, natural disasters have been associated with PTSD, and social and relationship problems help induce the onset of eating disorders. It is also important to note that heritable factors also play a part, and that the resulting mental disorder is thought to occur due to an interaction between the social environment and heritable factors. In a schizophrenia twin study, even

Bulimia Nervosa is an addiction that can be a very destructive aspect in someone’s life because it can result in regularly engaging themselves in self-induced vomiting or the abuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas after binging. However, solutions to this problem include antidepressants, counseling, and therapy.

Non-purging: The name of this class of bulimia nervosa indicts that patient does not do any kind of purging. But patient try to use different activity for reduce or burn the excess calories by using more fasting and many time patient do excess amount of the exercise. By this way patients indirectly harm ownself.

A second diagnosis for Kathie is Mild Binge Eating Disorder (BED) (F50.8). BED is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating in which the client eats a large amount of food in a two-hour period that most people would consume in a similar situation. There is sense of lack of control over the eating. The binge episodes one to three times a week for three months. The client must meet three of the five criteria listed in the DSM-V for BED which include eating more rapidly than normal, feeling uncomfortably full after binge eating (BE), eating when not hungry, feeling embarrassed, and feeling guilty, disgusted, or depressed after the binge eating episode. Additionally, there is a feeling of marked distress over the binge eating episode. There are no compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, using laxatives, medications or excessive exercise (APA, 2013). Kathie has been secretly struggling with an eating disorder (ED) for the last six months. She has meets 3 of the 5 criteria listed in the DSM-V including eating excessively until she feels uncomfortably full. After binge eating, she feels ashamed and helpless, which makes her more depressed. She feels a loss of control over her eating. She eats alone and feels guilty after binge

The severity of the mental and physical effects of bulimia nervosa (BN) as well as the shockingly high initial diagnostic and subsequent relapse rates prove that the current system in place for treating the disorder is inadequate and the consequences are enormously detrimental. The past research on the subject focuses on fasting behaviors common to anorexia nervosa and on sweet flavors, leaving much to be desired in the purge-binge cycle central to BN and the fatty but non-sweet flavors so often involved in the binging process. By surveying females ages 13-17 currently diagnosed with BN and a healthy control group of the same demographic, this study will first evaluate healthy and unhealthy food-related behaviors, focusing on binging and

Bulimia Nervosa is characterized by binge eating which is the uncontrolled consumption of large amount of food, negative self-evaluation which is determined by body shape and weight and finally regular compensation behavior which could include self-induced vomiting and laxative misuse. Patients suffering from this disorder have body weight that is typically normal or low normal. At the same time, the disorder has associated general psychopathology and psychosocial impairment. It is most common in young girls. Bulimic patients have alterations of the neurotransmitter systems that highly contribute to neuroendocrine function, moods and modulation of feeding. The brain is affected in such a way that there is an increased cerebrospinal fluid concentration

Brandy is a 21-year-old from Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. She is the oldest of four children and her parents have been married for the past twenty-two years. After suffering for the past seven years in silence, Brandy has finally sought out treatment for bulimia nervosa. Brandy is a textbook case of a patient suffering from bulimia. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed., DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) diagnostic criteria includes: Persisting binge eating episodes, reoccurring behaviors to prevent weight gain, both harmful purging behaviors and binge eating episodes occurring at least once a week for a minimum for three months, evaluating oneself solely or predominantly influenced by one’s body shape and weight, and finally the patient must not exhibit the aforementioned symptoms during an episode of anorexia nervosa. Her difficulty with her weight started in high school with binge eating. Soon after starting to binge eat, she starting purging by forcing herself to puke. The roots of her disorder is in her persistent stress and anxiety as a result of her trying to strive to success.

Self-esteem is reliant upon body shape and weight. Physical implications may include disruption of the menstrual cycle also known as amenorrhea, signs of starvation, thinning of hair or hair loss, bloated, yellowish palms/soles of feet, dry and pasty skin. The risks that people take while indulging in anorexia can also become physiologically and mentally damaging. There are several effective treatments. One of which is hospitalization, this occurs when the weight loss is greater than 30% in 3 months time. Some other effects to be taken into consideration when hospitalizing a patient are the risk of suicide and depression, severe binging and purging, and serious metabolic disturbance. Therapy and counseling is used to help the patients with depression and family complications that may have led to the state they’re in. Clinical studies have not yet identified a medication that could improve the core symptoms of anorexia.

Throughout psychology today there are six different theoretical models that seek to explain and treat abnormal functioning or behavior. These different models have been a result of different ideas and beliefs over the course of history. As psychology began to grow so did the improvements in research techniques. As a result psychologists are able to explain a variety of disorders in terms of the six different theoretical models. In the movie A Beautiful Mind it follows the mathematician John Nash as he struggles with schizophrenia. It an attempt to explain John Nash’s disorder the six different theoretical models will be looked at, they include biological model, psychodynamic model, behavioral model, cognitive model, humanistic model,

Document speech pattern and disorganized behavior upon admission. Rational- for the physician to interpret and determine care plan.