Schizophrenic Paradigm

Symptoms and behavior of avoidant personality disorder include avoiding occupational activities involving interpersonal contact due to fears of criticism, rejection and disapproval, social anxiety, being easily hurt by criticism or disapproval, beliefs and fear of inadequacy being preoccupied

Background Information Tyler is a 15 year old male who is currently living at home with his mother and younger sister. His mother describes Tyler as “always being an odd child” who had significant difficulty relating to his peers. As a child he would spend a great deal of time alone involved in role playing. She said that social situations always provoke great anxiety in Tyler and he is extremely socially inept. Currently Tyler rarely socializes, and when he is not in school he spends most of his time on his computer. Tyler spends several hours a day on the Internet playing on-line games and interacting with others in chat rooms. Tyler reports having one close real-life friend but it is not

Divided Minds is a powerful, heart wrenching memoir written by two twin sisters, Pamela Spiro Wagner and Carolyn S. Spiro about their journey through schizophrenia. Early on in their lives, Pamela is seen as the dominant and more outgoing twin. Pamela was creative, social, and intellectually bright. Carolyn often felt like she lived in the shadow of Pamela and could not quite measure up. When the girls were in the sixth grade, the first symptoms of Pamela’s future disorder appeared when the news of President Kennedy’s assassination broke and Pamela thought that she was somehow involved and to blame for his death. She begins to hear voices that would haunt her for years and her condition worsens throughout her adolescence. Pamela and Carolyn both attended Brown University and while Carolyn flourished in school, Pamela became moody and depressed. During their freshman year, Pamela’s episodes of irrationality become more extreme and she became very withdrawn. She has her first major breakdown and overdosed on sleeping pills. This was the beginning of the numerous hospitalizations and sessions with psychiatrists that would soon become a huge part of her life.

It is imperative to seek treatment for children or adolescents who present with the onset of serious mental illness. Early-onset of illness is a high prediction of poor outcomes for the patient. Severe mental illness diagnoses include schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. The schizophrenia spectrum includes schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder and xxxx. The diagnoses fall into xxx categories; xxx, xxxx and xxx. Early onset of schizophrenia (EOS) before the age of 13, is very rare at 0.04 % of population in the United States. EOS is before the age of 18, 0.5% of U.S. population. Children and adolescents make up xxx of the psychiatric patient in the United States. The DSM-5

The participants were 238 undergraduate students (75 males and 163 females) in the first year of their degree, aged 17 to 25 years (M = 19.60 years, SD = 2.32). Participants reported no history of neurological or psychiatric illness, and received course credits for participation.

Today people only think about how they fit in society, or if they are “different”, how to fix themselves to be known as “normal”. The influences that other people have over those who fear looking different is drastic. Entire lives have been run by the actions of predecessors; for example, slavery was once part of the construction of America, but after the development of states, a government, other essentials to a country, slavery was kept and used to make life simpler to the American lifestyle. Many Americans who kept slaves were not slave owners because they bought them, but, because their father raised them with the ideology that slavery was a necessity for them; even if they disagreed, they could not go against tradition, for changing one’s traditions was shun

Schizophrenia in the media is often portrayed as violent, dangerous, and often homicidal (Owen, 2012). Individuals in movies such as Take Shelter, Shutter Island, and Mr. Brooks show an individual with schizophrenia as causing harm to themselves and others or engaging in paranormal activity, while mostly presenting positive symptoms. However, this representation is misleading and supporting stereotypes about schizophrenics. Persons with schizophrenia only make up one to two percent of the total people in the United States. Schizophrenia has been recognized since the 1800s, first labeled as dementia praecox by Emil Kraepelin; Kraepelin used the label because he believed the disorder was due to deterioration in the brain. However,

When people hear the word “schizophrenia” what do they think. The media makes it seem like people with schizophrenia are crazy and dangerous. When that is not really true at all. This makes people place judgments on schizophrenia without knowing exactly what it is. The only way we could fix this is by educating people who are ignorant of schizophrenia. This would also help change the media’s perspective of this disorder. Which could prevent the wrong signals from being continuously put out. So, what exactly is schizophrenia, what causes schizophrenia and how can it be treated?

Schizophrenia is a severe and disabling mental disorder, affecting approximately one percent of the world 's adult population. Researcher say there are several of causes for this disorder, for instance genetics, substance use, or even the environment. As research began we found that, “schizophrenia can occur at any age, the average age begin in the late teens to the early 20s for men, and the late 20s to early 30s for women” (NAMI). As said this disorder can go both ways with either women or men, there is no bias in who receives this. There are both pros and cons and many symptoms that come along with the disorder but as said many adults experience different types of disorders and unfortunately in my case I have an uncle who deled and is still dealing with schizophrenia. There were many situations and issues he had to surpass due to this diagnose.

Schizophrenia is a frightening, long-term brain disorder that forces a person to think abnormally. Schizophrenic individuals believe that other people can read their minds, and also suffer from imaginary images in their minds and believe that they are real. Schizophrenic individuals hear voices in their minds and believe that others are trying to harm them. Throughout my childhood, I experienced an abnormal life because my dad was diagnosed with schizophrenia when I was around six years old. Because there is no cure for schizophrenia, only treatment by medication and therapies, I would like to help solve the problems that children face growing up with a schizophrenic guardian.

Deemed as the disorder with no preference, schizophrenia has followed mankind since the times of Ancient Egypt (2000, Okasha) under the broad term of “madness” yet it was not officially recognized until 1887 when Dr. Emile Kraepelin issued it a distinct mental disorder (2012, Burton). Widely thought to be a split personality disorder, it has in fact nothing to do with multiple personality conditions but instead, schizophrenia is an extreme thought disorder that causes disconnected thoughts, emotions, and perspectives. The disease has no borders as cases are scattered around the world which we can induce means that the cause is a mental imbalancement rather than one triggered by a sole outside source.

A diagnosis of childhood onset schizophrenia (COS) is rare. Exactly how rare is unknown as the rate of prevalence has been reported from 1 in 10,000 to 1 in 40,00 (Sood & Kattimani, 2008; Gochman, Miller, & Rapaport, 2011). Regardless of the disorder's prevalence, witnessing a child battle the inner demons that are frightening even for adults is disturbing. The only distinguishing factor between COS and schizophrenia is age of onset. If individuals are 18 or younger when they display symptoms, they will be diagnosed with COS. When someone is so young at age of onset their disorder will be more severe and will have worse long-term outcomes (Mash & Wolfe, 2016). When a child is diagnosed with an uncommon disease like COS it is typically reported in the news. This is the case with Gianni Cristini who is haunted by scary voices and suicidal thoughts, and has been since he was younger than 4 years old. Because his symptoms were so severe and rare, he was diagnosed with an array of disorders including autism, depression, and attention deficit disorder. Gianni's diagnosis at the time of the article was bipolar schizophrenic affective disorder.

Schizophrenia is most commonly treated as a medical problem. Meanwhile, the viewpoint adopted by social constructionism and its key theses regarding the constitutive power of language, the inaccessibility of truth and multiple versions of the world, shed additional light on both the theories of schizophrenia as well as the therapy-related problems and issues. Such categories as power, truth or anti-orthodox reflection are of particular signifi- cance for a therapeutic practice. The author discusses these concepts via clinical examples, which describe the clash between the perspectives of medicine and

Schizophrenia is a debilitating mental illness in which an individual’s behaviour and perception of the world is altered abruptly. The alteration in perception can distort their sense of reality, this is known as psychosis (What is schizophrenia). Schizophrenia affects 1% of people in the world. (SENSORY) In Australia 1 in 100 people, or 150,000-200,000 people are affected by this disorder although 20-30% of individuals with this disorder will only experience a few brief episodes with 10% of people committing suicide(BETTER HEALTH). It is important as a nurse to ensure we are educated on the different mental health issues that may present like schizophrenia. Health professionals should be able to recognise the symptoms that may occur when an individual is going through a psychotic episode as well as to provide non-maleficence care. Some symptoms that occur with schizophrenia include delusions, thought disorders, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, blunted emotions, inappropriate response, impaired thinking and memory, lack of insight as well as hallucinations that may consist of hearing, seeing, tasting, feeling or smelling things that are not real. (BETTER HEALTH) Mr Jeremy Oxley is part of the 70-80% of individuals have prolonged episodes that include auditory hallucinations, delusions, blunted emotions, inappropriate responses and impaired memory.

The two diagnosis I considered after my first session with Caleb were Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophreniform Disorder. Caleb clearly displayed deficits in both social communication and social interaction during our session. Caleb was so socially withdrawn, that his mother, Nina, was the person I communicated with throughout the entirety of our session. Caleb occasionally mumbled responses to some of the questions; his answers ranged from “yes”, “no” to “I don’t know”, although he mumbled thank you to one of my compliments, Caleb definitely displayed deficits in social-emotional reciprocity. Caleb also exhibited deficits in nonverbal communication, avoiding eye contact throughout our entire session, he even avoided eye contact with his